Mangroves

Question 1

What is the Caroni swamp and what lives there?

Answer 1

TheCaroni Swampis the second largestmangrovewetlandinTrinidad and Tobago.It is located on the west coast ofTrinidad and habitat to the scarlet ibis.

Question 2

Name 2 mangrove swamps in Trinidad

Answer 2

Caroni Swamp, Nariva Swamp

Question 3

What is the dominant system organism in the reef system, and what is it related to?

Answer 3

The hard coral, an animal that is related to the sea anemone

Question 4

What is a singular coral known as and describe what it does

Answer 4

A polyp- secretes a cup-like skeleton of calcium carbonate into which it can withdraw.

Question 5

What happens as polyps grow?

Answer 5

Their skeletons give rise to the massive rock-like structures that are the basis of a reef community

Question 6

What is the single coral polyp made up of?

Answer 6

It is mad up of a mouth, surrounded by tentacles that contain stinging cells.

Question 7

What are stinging cells used to do?

Answer 7

These are used to paralyze its prey, microscopic marine animals (zooplankton), which are then drawn into the cavity of the polyp, and digested, therefore polyps are carnivores

Question 8

What lives in polyp tissues?

Answer 8

Microscopic algae are known as zooxanthellae. These pratists have a symbiotic relationship with the coral polyp. They help with the nutrition of the coral and its ability to form its calcium carbonate skeleton, and in return are provided with a habitat.

Question 9

How does the zooxanthellae use mutualism??

Answer 9

The zooxanthellae also use the waste products of the coral polys as raw materials for photosynthesis. This is an example of mutualism

Question 10

Corals reproduce….

Answer 10

both asexually and sexually

Question 11

How does asexual reproduction occur

Answer 11

When environmental factors are suitable and new individual bits form from each parent polyp, resulting in the increased size of the colony.

Question 12

What is sexual reproduction

Answer 12

When sperm are released into the water and are drawn into the cavity and result in the formation of free-swimming planula larvae, which are released into the water. The planulae move through the water for a short time before settling on an appropriate hard substrate

Question 13

What does sexual reproduction result in?

Answer 13

The dispersion of various coral species and the colonisation of new areas

Question 14

What is the water temp. required for reef building?

Answer 14

between 23-25 for optimal growth and do not tolerate long exposure to the air.

Question 15

Reefs will not grow when

Answer 15

at depths below 50-70m as their symbiotic algae require sunlight for photosynthesis.

Question 16

What does sediment do to coral reefs

Answer 16

interferes with their feeding mechanisms, and coral reefs do not develop in areas of high sedimentation, such as river mouths or near dredging activity.

Question 17

What does high wave action do?

Answer 17

Assists coral reefs as it oxygenates the water, brings in fresh food supplies and helps to remove any settled sediment

Question 18

What forms the basic reef structure?

Answer 18

Hard corals

Question 19

What are other organisms associated with reefs?

Answer 19

SOft corals- sea fans, sea whips and other sedentary organisms such as sea anemones grow attached to the hard reef skeleton.
ECHINODERMS LIKE THE SEA URCHIN AND THE STARFISH ARE ABUNDANT, AS ARE CRUSTACEANS such as the spiny lobster and crabs. (sorry i just realized its caps)

Question 20

What does the variety of reef fish do?

Answer 20

Seek shelter among the crevices of the reed and their brilliant colours serve as species identification

Question 21

dogaaa read the paper for the diagram and importances

Answer 21

yes man

Question 22

Why are coral reefs important

Answer 22

• generate income (tourism/fishing)
• Generate food( reef fish, groupers snappers and grunts) and reef creatures( lobster and conch) turtles, sea anemones, clownfish, starfish

Question 23

why are they important (2)

Answer 23

• contribute greatly to the white sand and typical Caribbean beaches
• home to abt 1 mil diff animal species
  source of pharmaceutical products eg. chemicals HIV and cancer treatments

Question 24

What are corals described as?

Answer 24

oases in the watery desert. Tropical marine waters tend to be poor in nutrients and so the rate of photosynthesis is limited.

Question 25

What do coral reefs act as

Answer 25

Nutrient recycling centres and reservoirs, thus increasing the production level of the algal material that forms the basis of most marine food chains

Question 26

Destruction of coral reefs (1)

Answer 26

The invasion of the reef by man however can damage the corals and in result on the death of a number of species

Question 27

How does coral reefs get destroyed (2)

Answer 27

by breaking off pieces, making jewellery
Reefs can be severely affected by tropical storms, hurricanes whose powerful forces can destroy even the solid reef structure. Explosions of populations of coral reef predators such as the crown of thorne starfish

Question 28

How does coral reefs get destroyed(3)

Answer 28

Boat anchors pull away from the structure of the reef. Divers cut off sections of coral to sell as decorative pieces to tourists.
Dredging activities cause huge clouds of sediment that settle on the reef and block their delicate filtering and feeding structures and bleach fishing destroys entire communities

Question 29

How long does a damaged reef take to heal

Answer 29

They grow slowly (less than 1cm per year in height) and a damaged reef can take over 50yrs to recover

Question 30

How does coral reefs get destroyed(4)

Answer 30

trawling/dragging nets
Coral bleaching(global warming causes water to heat up, and they expel algae and die

Question 31

You have reached the end!!

Answer 31

Great job, I shall ward you a cookie you beautiful soldier 🍪