2. Cell Ultrastructure Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Unicellular

A

An organism that consists of only single cell.

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2
Q

Define Multicellular

A

Multicellular organisms consists of many cells.

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3
Q

What feature makes all cells in the human body similar?

A

Cells all have common features and structures called organelles.

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4
Q

Name 14 organelles in a animal cell

A

Lysosome, mitochondria, cell membrane (plasma membrane), cytoplasm, nuclear membrane, pore, nucleolus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi body, golgi vesicle, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, centrioles and fluid filled pinocytic vesicle.

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5
Q

Define Lysosome

A

Lysosome contain digestive enzymes which helps to break down worn out organelles and large molecules.

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6
Q

Define Golgi Apparatus

A

Golgi Apparatus modifies protein and packages them into vesicles ready for secretion from the cell.

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7
Q

Define Mitochondria

A

Mitochondria goes through aerobic respiration to be able to create ATP (energy) for the cell. Is also known as the powerhouse of the cell.

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8
Q

Define aerobic respiration (cellular respiration)

A

This process occurs in the mitochondria. The folding of the inner membrane produces a large surface area on which these chemical reactions can take place. Because the reactions of the mitochondria make energy available for the cell’s activities.

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9
Q

Define centrioles

A

A pair of cylindrical structure usually located near the nucleus; involved in the reproduction of the cell.

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10
Q

Define Cell (Plasma) Membrane

A

The outer boundary of the cell that separates it from neighbouring cells and from the external environment. Made of a double layer of lipid molecules and associated proteins. Determines which substances get into or out of a cell.

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11
Q

Define rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

A form of endoplasmic reticulum that is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance; involved in the synthesis of proteins.

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12
Q

Define Cytoplasm

A

Cytoplasm is the jelly-like or watery material inside the cell that fills all the space between the nucleus and the cell membrane. It is made up of the cytosol and organelles.

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13
Q

Define Nucleus

A

Usually ovoid or spherical; contains the genetic material, mostly DNA; separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane. The membrane is double and has gaps, nuclear pores, through which large molecules can pass.

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14
Q

Define Nucleolus

A

Is compsed mainly of RNA. The DNA and nucleolus are suspended in a jelly-like nucleoplasm.

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15
Q

Define Smooth Endoplamic Reticulum

A

A form of endoplasmic reticulum that is involved in the synthesis of lipis: is not covered with ribosomes.

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16
Q

Define Ribosome

A

Ribosomes are very small, spherical organelles. At the ribosomes, amino acids arejoined together to make proteins. Ribosomes may be either free in the cytoplasm orattachedtomembranes within thecells such as the endoplasmic reticulum

17
Q

Define cytoskeleton

A

Consists of microfilaments and microtubles that give the cell its shape and assit the movement of materials, organelles or the whole cell.

18
Q

Define Vesicle

A

A vesicle is a transport sac that moves materials into, out of or within the cell.

19
Q

Define Organelle

A

Organelles are structures within a cell which play a particular functions.

20
Q

Define Microtubules

A

They are hollow rods that keep organelles in place or move them around the cell.

21
Q

Define Microfilaments

A

Moves materials around the cytoplasm or moves the whole cell.