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History Term 3 > Egypt > Flashcards

Egypt Flashcards

0
Q

What did people first collect along the Nile river ?

A

They collected seeds of wild grasses

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1
Q

When did farming begin along the Nile river

A

Around 8000 years ago

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2
Q

What did they do with the seeds they collected along the Nile river?

A

They ground them to make flour for a kind of Bread.

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3
Q

What crops did the people along the Nile grow?

A

Wheat and Barley.

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4
Q

What crops did they grow further south?

A

Millet and Sorghum

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5
Q

What else did the people of Egypt do for food?

A

They kept animals such as wild cattle, goats and sheep. These animals gave them meat and milk.

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6
Q

Why did the people farm along the Nile?

A

They farmed there because water was plentiful and crops grew well in the fertile soil. There was good grazing for animals.

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7
Q

Where did people come to Egypt from?

A

Nubia in the south
Libya in the west
Syria in the east

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8
Q

Name the two rivers that make up the Nile

A

White Nile and Blue Nile

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9
Q

Where do the White Nile and Blue Nile join?

A

Khartoum in Sudan

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10
Q

Where is the source do the White Nile and the Blue Nile?

A

Uganda and Ethiopia

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11
Q

Why was the flooding of the Nile important?

A

When it rained in the mountainous regions further south, the Nile would flood it’s banks when it flowed through Egypt. The floodwaters carried fertile mud which was deposited in the river valley when the flood waters receded. This was excellent for farming. The soil along the Nile River stayed rich year After year.

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12
Q

Where did the Egyptians build their houses?

A

They built their houses on higher ground away from the river.

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13
Q

What where their houses built of?

A

Clay bricks

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14
Q

How did they irrigate their crops that were not next to the river?

A

A system of canals were dug.

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15
Q

What is the Shaduf?

A

The Shaduf was a way of lifting water out of the canal and poring it into smaller irrigation channels. The water was lifted with a bucket.

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16
Q

What was invented in farming that allowed farmers to produce more food that they needed?

A

Ploughs

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17
Q

What other jobs were available in ancient Egypt ?

A 
Pottery
Weaving
Leatherwork
Seamstress
Scribes
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18
Q

Why were leaders needed as the population grew?

A

The leaders organized the farming, canals and the trade.

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19
Q

There were two kings initially. What parts of Egypt did they rule over?

A

The one king who ruled over the Nile Delta area close to the sea called lower Egypt.

The other king ruled over upper Egypt. Upper Egypt stretched for about 700kms south of the Nile delta.

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20
Q

When did these two kings join together to make one king?

A

About 5000 years ago

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21
Q

What did the farmers have to give the new king (Pharaoh)

A

Part of their produce as tax

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22
Q

What did the people believe about the Pharoah?

A

They believed the Pharaoh was a God.
They believed he controlled the flooding of the Nile.
The Pharoah performed a ceremony next to the Nile to make sure it would flood.

23
Q

List the social structure from the least important to the most important.

A 
Servants and slaves
Workers
Crafts people
Scribes
Priests
Nobles
Pharaoh
24
Q

What did the white crown symbolize?

A

It symbolized the Pharaohs control over upper Egypt and was only worn on occasions involving upper Egypt.

25
Q

What did the red crown symbolize?

A

The red crown symbolized the Pharaohs control of lower Egypt and was worn on occasions involving lower Egypt only.

26
Q

What did the double crown symbolize?

A

The double crown was a combination of the red and the white crown. It symbolized the joining of the two lands and the Pharaohs control over both lands.

27
Q

The ancient Egyptians believed in many gods. Where did they believe they would go to when they died?

A

They believed they would go to another world.

28
Q

Who was the God of the after-life?

A

Osiris was the God of the after life.

29
Q

Who built the grand tombs and who they for?

A

Builders, artists and craftsmen made grand tombs for the after-life. These tombs were for Pharaohs and important people.

30
Q

What did the god Osiris look like?

A

He had a jackal head and a mans body. He was in charge of the afterlife of the Pharaohs.

31
Q

How did they preserve the persons body before they put them in the tomb?

A

They used spices and chemicals.

32
Q

Explain what would be inside the tomb?

A

The tombs walls would be painted with scenes from the person life. Inside the tomb were all the things a living person would want. Furniture, jewellery, clothed, food and drink.

33
Q

How long did Pharaohs rule Egypt for?

A

About 3000 years

34
Q

Why were temples built close to pyramids?

A

So that people could go to the Temple in their after-life.

35
Q

What is Egyptian writing called?

A

Hieroglyphics

36
Q

Why did the Egyptians start writing?

A

They started writing when the scribes and officials needed to write down what produce each farmer had bought the king.

37
Q

What material did they draw and write on?

A

Papyrus

38
Q

What was papyrus made from?

A

Papyrus reeds

39
Q

What did they use for pens and inks?

A

They used the tips of reeds that were dipped in ink made from soot (ash) mixed with sticky plant gum and a little water.

40
Q

What pictures did they first draw?

A

They drew pictures of animals and crops.

41
Q

What did the symbols they developed stand for?

A

They stood for sounds.

42
Q

How many symbols were in the alphabet the Pharaohs alphabet?

A

24 consonants, no vowels.

43
Q

Why were the Pharaohs rich?

A

The government officials collected taxes for the Pharaohs in the form of produce. This was from a farmer or craftsman. Wheat, fish, tanned skin and pottery are all examples of the produce.

44
Q

Who calculated the amount of tax collected?

A

It was calculated by the scribes. Records and accounts of all taxes paid were kept. They had lists of names of the farmers and gave receipts for tax paid. Remember taxes were paid if form of produce.

45
Q

Why was mathematics and astronomy important to the Egyptians?

A

Because farming was so important to the Egyptians they needed to know when the Nile when flood. They studies the changing position of the sun and stars throughout the year.
They worked out the worlds first 365 day calendar.

46
Q

How did they work out what the size of their harvest might be?

A

They measured the size of the bikes usual flood plain.

47
Q

How did their mathematical calculations help them?

A

Helped them plan and build pyramids.

48
Q

What did the pharaoh do with the taxes (produce) received ?

A

The Pharaohs household used most of the produce. Government officials were also paid in produce.

49
Q

How did the Egyptians learn about the human body?

A

They learnt from preparing dead bodies for the afterlife.

50
Q

How did they prepare the body for the Afterlife?

A

They removed the brain and stomach. They washed out the body with palm wine and filled the spaces left with herbs and spices to preserve the body. The body was left for 70 days to dry out. It was then washed, wrapped in strips of linen cloth and placed in a tomb. This was a mummy.

51
Q

How did they prevent some illnesses?

A

By keeping the body clean.

52
Q

From the time of the Pharaohs the Egyptians started building. What materials did they use?

A

Limestone and sandstone

53
Q

What is the Sphinx?

A

They are huge stone statues. The great sphinx has a body of a lion and the head of a man.
The man was Pharaoh Khafre. He guards the tombs and pyramids at Giza. Giza was the first capital of Egypt.

54
Q

Describe the great Sphinx

A 
It was huge. 
24 feet long
20 feet wide
66 feet high
The eyes on the face are 6 feet tall
Ears 3 feet tall
It's is carved out of bedrock in a trench at the Giza site
55
Q

Tell the story of the Legend of the sphinx

A

After the Sphinx was built, over the course of 1000 years the Sphinx fell into disrepair. The entire body was covered in sand and only the head could be seen. Legend has it that a young prince name Thutmose fell asleep near the head of the Sphinx. He had a dream that if be restored the Sphinx he would be one Pharaoh of Egypt. He restored the sphinx and later became the Pharaoh of Egypt.

History Term 3 (1 decks)

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