Pediatric Nursing (Exam One)

Question 1

How does a child’s airway differ from an adults airway?

Answer 1

• Narrower

- Shorter

Question 2

Newborns are obligatory nose breathers until ________ ________ of age.

Answer 2

Four weeks

Question 3

Which sinuses are present at birth? When are these sinuses considered to be fully formed?

Answer 3

• Ethmoid
• Maxillary

-Four months of age

Question 4

A child’s larynx is more prone to what?

Answer 4

Spasms

Question 5

Because of their high metabolic rate, children also have a higher demand for what?

Answer 5

Higher oxygen demand

Question 6

A 4-year-old is brought into the clinical by their parent, who is concerned about the child’s pronounced abdominal wall movement with respirations. What should the nurse explain to the parents?

Answer 6

• Due to underdeveloped intercostal muscles

- Normal finding in children under age 6

Question 7

Why are children more vulnerable to airway obstruction and at a higher risk for developing respiratory infections?

Answer 7

• Smooth muscle not developed until 5 months old
• No defense of bronchospasms
• No constriction to trap foreign objects

Question 8

How does a child’s eustachian tubes differ from an adults eustachian tubes?

Answer 8

• Shorter

- More horizontal

Question 9

A child’s lung volume is _____________ to chest size.

Answer 9

Proportional

Question 10

What should the nurse ask during the general history portion of an assessment of a pediatric patient with a respiratory disorder?

Answer 10

• Gestational age
• Current symptoms
• Family history
• Exposure to irritants
• Feeding patterns
• Sleeping patterns
• Growth
• Developmental milestones
• International travel

Question 11

What is the best position for optimal chest expansion in the pediatric population?

Answer 11

• Supine

- HOB elevated at 45 degrees

Question 12

List the signs and symptoms of respiratory distress in the pediatric population.

Answer 12

• Retractions
• Nostril flaring
• Tripod position
• Grunting
• Paradoxical breathing
• Tachypnea

Question 13

What factors may contribute to dehydration in a pediatric patient?

Answer 13

• Mouth breathing
• Tachypnea
• Fever
• Anorexia

Question 14

What is the priority nursing intervention for a pediatric patient who is dehydrated?

Answer 14

Offer child’s favorite fluids

Question 15

In older children, barrel chest is often indicative of what disease(s) or disorder(s)?

Answer 15

• Asthma

- Cystic fibrosis

Question 16

Smoking within the home, and inhaling second hand smoke, puts children at an increased risk for what?

Answer 16

• Recurrent sore throats

- Respiratory issues

Question 17

What education should the nurse provide to the parent of a pediatric patient on how to prevent illness and infection?

Answer 17

• Wash hands
• Make sure objects they put in their mouth are clean
• Do not kiss on the face