Prokaryotic cells + viruses

Question 1

Flagellum

Answer 1

-makes it move

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

• floats free in cytoplasm

- coiled up strand

Question 3

plasmids

Answer 3

• small loops of DNA

- contains genes for antibiotic resistance

Question 4

Capsule

Answer 4

• made up of secreted slime

- protect bacteria from attack by cells

Question 5

binary fission

Answer 5

• cell replicates its genetic material before splitting into 2 daughter cells
• circular DNA and plasmids replicate
• main DNA loops is only replicated once
• plasmids can be replicated loads of times
• cell gets bigger and DNA loops move to opposite poles of the cell
• cytoplasm begins to divide
• cytoplasm divides and 2 daughter cells produced
• each daughter cell has one copy of the circular DNA but can have a variable number of copies of the plasmids

Question 6

viruses

Answer 6

• acellular
• nucleic acids surrounded by proteins
• invade and reproduce inside the cells of other organisms (host cells)
• protein coat called capsid
• attachment proteins sticking out and lets viruses clin onto a suitable host cell

Question 7

viral replication

Answer 7

• attach to host cell surface
• attachment proteins bind to complementary receptor proteins on cell-surface membrane of the host cells
• different viruses have different attachment proteins so require different receptor proteins on host cells
• some viruses can only infect one species
• others can infect many