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AWS CSA-A and CSOA-A > Elastic Block Storage (EBS) and Elastic File Storage (EFS) > Flashcards

Elastic Block Storage (EBS) and Elastic File Storage (EFS) Flashcards

1
Q

What is EBS?

A

EBS is Elastic Block Storage is the underlying data storage for EC2 instances.
EBS Volumes can be used for data storage or as boot volumes.
EBS Volumes are virtual hard drive in the cloud.

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2
Q

What are the attributes and benefits of EBS

A
  • Highly Available
  • Replicated in a single Availability Zone (It’s distributed within potentially different data centers)
  • Scalable - Can update size and type on the fly without performance impact
  • Designed for production workloads
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3
Q

What are the types of standard SSD EBS Drives and what is the use case?

A
  • “General Purpose” - Balance of price and performance
    • Max 16,000 IOPS
    • Used for Boot disk
    • Used for OS
  • GP2
  • GP3 - newer, higher performance
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4
Q

What is the higher level of SSD EBS? What are their use case?

A
  • Provisioned IOPS
    • Above 16,000 IOPS
    • Higher durability
      • IO1
  • IO2
    • Higher durability
    • Higher throughput
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5
Q

What is a less expensive Hard Drive Option for EBS? Can you install an OS on it? What is it used for?

A
  • Throughput Optimized / ST1 / Magnetic HDD
  • Use Cases
    • Big Data
    • Data warehouses
    • ETL
  • Cannot install OS
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6
Q

What is the lowest cost EBS volume?

’

A
  • SC1 / Cold HDD
  • No Operating system
  • Good for file servers when performance isn’t a factor
  • Sequential reads
  • Infrequent access
  • Okay for throughput usage
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7
Q

Describe IOPS and what is an example? Whats the best option for EBS?

A

A measure of reads and writes per second
transactional databases
Amazon.com - many small transactions at large scale
IO1

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8
Q

What is throughput? Which hard drive option is best for this requirement?

A

Total volume of data read or written
Used for data warehouses, any large data set
Use Throughput optimized SC1 EBS (magnetic)

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9
Q

What are the 4 types of EBS SSD Options?

A

GP2 - General Use (16,000 IOPS)
GP3 - General use, higher Performance
IO1 - OLTP
IO2 - OLTP - More IOPS/GB (above 16,000+)

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10
Q

What is a Volume vs a Snapshot

A

Volume is the hard drive, a snapshot is an incremental copy at a point in time. The first snapshot is big, subsequent ones are deltas.

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11
Q

What’s the deal with snapshots? (what are they, where are they stored, how long do they take for the first and subsequent ones?

A
  • A copy of a point in time of a volume
  • Stored on S3
  • First one takes a while
  • Subsequent ones are faster (because they are deltas)
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12
Q

What are best practices for creating snapshots

A
  • Stop the instance first so that all data is stored (only copies EBS stored data, not data in RAM).
  • If the EBS volume is encrypted the snapshot will also be encrypted.
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13
Q

Can you share snapshots

A
  • You can share snapshots within a region, and you can copy them to another region to share them in another region. this allows you to migrate an EC2 to another region
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14
Q

Can EBS Volumes be in a different AZ than the EC2 Instance?

A

No. EBS Volumes are always in the same AZ as the EC2

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15
Q

What are the steps to copy an EC2 instance to another region?

A
  1. Stop the EC2 Instance
  2. Take a snapshot of the EC2
  3. Copy the snapshot to the new region (can encrypt the snapshot on copy)
  4. Create an AMI from the snapshot
  5. Create the EC2 instance from the AMI
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16
Q

What is the level of encryption of EBS volumes?? Who manages the encryption keys?

A

Using AES-256. you can manage the keys yourself (CMS-C) or let Amazon Manage it

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17
Q

What’s encrypted in an EBS?

A
  • Its encrypted end to end, including
  • Data at rest
  • Data in-flight
  • Shapshots
18
Q

How long can you hibernate an EC2 Instance? What happens?

A

Up to 60 days / 2 months. Everything in RAM (150mb Limit) is persisted to the EBS root volume. it’s like sleeping your laptop. Only CMR types.

19
Q

What is EFS? What are some possible use cases? Is it encrypted? Does it Scale?

A
  • Elastic File System
  • Encrypted
  • Linux Only
  • Managed NFSv4 File System
  • Shared network storage among up to 1000 EC2
  • Used for web server farms, file servers, content management
  • Scales automatically. You don’t provision space into Petabytes
20
Q

What are the performance options for EFS?

A

general
max i/o

21
Q

What are the storage classes in EFS?

A

Standard

Standard - IA (Has a retrieval Fee)

One-Zone

One-Zone IA

Can leverage lifecycles.

22
Q

What is FSx? When should you think of FSx?

A
  • Shared file storage for Windows, Built on windows servers
  • Think of this for windows-based systems like SharePoint, IIS, SQL Server, etc.
23
Q

What is FSx for Lustre Performance

A
  • Its a higher performance filesystem
  • Easy way to run Lustre (Open Source)
  • Can store data on S3
  • Also have SSD or HDD options
24
Q

What are the two types of AMIs?

A 
EBS
Instance Store (ephemeral)
25
Q

What can you base an AMI on?

A
  • Region
  • OS
  • Architecture
  • Root device
26
Q

Can you stop and retain Instance Store volumes? Whats another name for instance store?

A
  • NO! I if the volume is stopped the root device is lost. You can reboot it but not stop it.
  • AKA Ephemeral storage
27
Q

What is AWS Backup?

A
  • A single pane of glass to back up your data (file storage, EC2, databases)
  • Can be used with organizations
28
Q

what is better for small random I/O operations? GP2/GP3 or ST1 HDD?

A
  • SSD is better for random i/o
  • HDD is better for large sequential operations
29
Q

What storage solution in AWS is better for migration?

A
  • AWS DataSync
  • This is for moving all your data to AWS
30
Q

What AWS storage option is better for “Integration”

A
  • Storage Gateway (Specifically File Gateway)
  • It’s a hybrid environment
  • Synchronized/Cached copies
31
Q

How is AWS Storage Gateway implemented?

A
  • Its implemented with a virtual machine (Gateway or hardware applicant)
  • It copied or replicates data to AWS
  • Can set up a local cache or local fileshare backed by cloud storage
32
Q

How is AWS Data Sync implemented

A
  • DataSync Agent (VM) moves your data to AWS using Direct Connect or over the internet.
  • This will REPLACE your on premises data
  • Uses more storage services than Gateway
33
Q

What is Amazon DLM and what is it used for?

A

Data Lifecycle Manager. Allows you to automate EBS snapshots (creation, retention and deletion)

34
Q

Does Volume gateway use iSCSI or SMB?

A

iSCSI think “SCSI drives”

35
Q

Does File Gateway use iSCSI or SMB

A

SMB

36
Q

What are the states of existence for an EC2 instance?

A

Pending

Running

Shutting down

Terminated

Rebooting

Stopping, stopped -→ EBS Only

37
Q

How can you encrypt an EBS volume at rest?

A

Use AWS KMS customer master keys for the encryption of both the boot and data volumes of an EC2 instance.

38
Q

Can you encrypt EFS after you create the filesystem?

A

No, you can only encrypt at creation.

39
Q

What is the command to install the EFS helper ?

A

sudo yum install -y amazon-efs-utils

40
Q

What’s the unix command to create a file called file.txt

A

sudo touch file.txt

41
Q

Whats the unix command to see all an EC2’s mounted volumes

A

df -T

AWS CSA-A and CSOA-A (26 decks)

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