S4 L2 part 1 Dermatology History Flashcards

1
Q

How do you take a dermatological history?

A

- PC: nature, site duration, evolution, symptoms like itching and pain, triggers, relieving factors, systemic symptoms like pyrexia

- PMH: systemic diseases, history of atopy, history of cancer, sunbed/sunburn, skin type

- FH: atopy? skin disease? autoimmune conditions?

- SH: occupation (sun exposure and contactants)

- DH: systemic and topical treatments

- QoL and ICE

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2
Q

What are the Fitzpatrick skin types?

A
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3
Q

How should you exam the skin when a patient presents with a skin lesion?

A
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4
Q

How can we describe a skin complaint using a system?

A

SCAM

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5
Q

How can we describe pigmented lesions?

A

ABCDE approach (E is evolution)

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6
Q

What are some words we can use to describe the site and distribution of skin lesions?

A
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7
Q

How can we describe the pattern of a skin lesion?

A
  • Discrete
  • Confluent
  • Linear
  • Target
  • Annular (circle with different morphology on edges vs inner)
  • Discoid
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8
Q

How can we describe the colour of a skin lesion?

A
  • Hypopigmentation
  • Depigmentation
  • Hyperpigmentations
  • Vitiligo (autoimmune attack on melanocytes, common in T1DM and thyroid disease)
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9
Q

What is the difference between a purpuric and an erythematous rash?

A
  • Purpuric is non-blanching meaning the blood has got out of the blood vessels, e.g vasculitis
  • Erythematous the blood vessels are fine
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10
Q

What is the definition of the following:

  • Macule
  • Patch
  • Papule
  • Nodule
  • Plaque
  • Vesicle
  • Bulla
  • Pustule
A

Macule: flat area of altered colour <1cm in diameter

Patch: flat area of altered colour >1cm in diameter

Papule: small rased lesion <1cm in diameter

Nodule: solid raised lesion >1cm with deeper component

Vesicle: small blister containing clear fluid <1cm

Bulla: big blister with clear fluid>1cm

Pustule: small pus containing lesion

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11
Q

What is the definition of the following terms?

  • Wheal
  • Erythema
  • Petechiae
  • Purpura
  • Ecchymoses
A
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12
Q

What is a comedone?

A

Open (black head)

Closed (white head)

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13
Q

What are some changes in hair that can occur with a skin lesion?

A

- Hirsutism: androgen dependent hair growth in a female

- Hypertrichosis: non androgen dependent pattern of excessive hair growth

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14
Q

What are some changes in the nails that can occur in dermatology?

A
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15
Q

Define the following terms used to describe skin changes?

  • Excoriation
  • Lichenification
  • Scales
  • Crust
  • Scar
  • Koebner phenomenon (psoriasis)
  • Fissure
  • Striae
A
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16
Q

What are some of the functions of the skin?

A