macromolecule structures

Question 1

outline the primary structure of proteins

Answer 1

Primary structure; the sequence of the amino acids in the chain

Question 2

outline the secondary structure of proteins

Answer 2

the local structures the chain can fold up into

Question 3

outline the tertiary structure

Answer 3

the overall 3D shape the chain forms into

Question 4

outline the quaternary structures

Answer 4

the geometry of several proteins bound together

Question 5

Name the different classes of lipid

Answer 5

• essential fatty acids
• non-essential fatty acids
• conditional fatty acids

Question 6

essential fatty acids

Answer 6

The body cannot synthesize these, thus they must be ingested.
They are found mainly in vegetable and fish oils.

Question 7

non - essential fatty acids

Answer 7

The human body can synthesize these from other nutrients like
carbohydrates and other unsaturated fatty acids.

These are the ω-9 fatty acids (first double bond at c-9)

Question 8

conditional fatty acids

Answer 8

Essential under some developmental or disease conditions;

The body can
convert these to substances that reduce inflammation and cell
growth.

Question 9

define saturated

Answer 9

does NOT have double bond in carbon to carbon chain

Question 10

define unsaturated

Answer 10

has double bond in carbon to carbon chain

Question 11

describe cis and trans

Answer 11

cis - two similar atoms on the same side of a double bond in the molecule.

trans - molecules with two similar atoms placed on opposite sides of a double bond.

Question 12

protein functions

Answer 12

catalysis - enzymes 
defence - antibodies 
transportation - haemoglobin 
support - collagen 
motion - actin and myosin 
regulation - e.g hormones 
storage - ferritin

Question 13

describe carbohydrate structure

Answer 13

classified into three subtypes: monosaccharides - simple sugars -

disaccharides - consisting of the monomers formed by a dehydration reaction

polysaccharides -