Unit B: Organisms Are Cellular (B1 - Basic Cell)

Question 1

Cell Theory

Answer 1

Two-part statement devised in 1800s. Says that all organisms are cellular in nature and reproduce.

Question 2

Cell wall

Answer 2

External deposit of the cells of plants, fungi, bacteria and some protist cells. Composed of a carbohydrate like cellulose in plant cells.

Question 3

Cellulose

Answer 3

Major contributing molecule to cell wall of plants.

Question 4

Chitin

Answer 4

Protein-carbohydrate material that makes up flexible and waterproof exoskeleton of members of Phylum Arthropoda (invertebrate animals having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed appendages, i.e. centipede, crab)

Question 5

Cilia

Answer 5

Short eyelashlike structures that are on tissue cells of most animals. Help generate movement.

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

Cell fluid

Question 7

Cytoskeleton

Answer 7

Protein filamnets that organelles are attached to. Contraction of proteins reaults in movement of the organelles.

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

A long molecule that contains our unique genetic code. Also holds instructions for making proteins in our body.

Question 9

Flagella

Answer 9

A structure resembling a tail that allow some tiny organisms (i.e. bacteria) to move.

Question 10

Genes

Answer 10

Parts of DNA molecules. Each gene can control production of a certain protein.

Question 11

Enzyme

Answer 11

Type of protein that speeds up metabolic reactions for organisms.

Question 12

Plasma Membrane

Answer 12

aka the cell membrane, is the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. Regulates transport of materials entering and exitibg cell.

Question 13

Protoplasm

Answer 13

Living part of cell (excludes cell wall)

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

cellular particle made of RNA and protein that serves as location for protein synthesis in the cell