Acute Kidney Injury Flashcards
What does AKI stand for?
Acute kidney injury
What is the definition of acute kidney injury?
Increase in SCreatinine:
- By 26.5umol/L or more within 48 hours or
- To 1.5x baseline, which is known or presumed to have occurred within the 7 prior days or
- Urine volume <0.5ml/kg/h for 6 hours
What many stages of acute kidney injury are there?
3
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/372/579/482/a_image_thumb.png?1583941492)
What is the serum creatinine and urine output for AKI stage 1?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/372/579/487/a_image_thumb.png?1583941516)
What is the serum creatinine and urine output for AKI stage 2?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/372/579/491/a_image_thumb.png?1583941528)
What is the serum creatinine and urine output for AKI stage 3?
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/372/579/493/a_image_thumb.png?1583941536)
What does the immediately dangerous consequences of AKI depend on?
The immediately dangerous consequences of AKI depend on cause to an extent at least in the first few hours:
- Acidosis
- Electrolyte imbalance
- Intoxication toxins
- Overload
- Uraemic complications
What can the causes of AKI be classified into?
Pre-renal
Intrinsic (renal)
Post-renal
What are the normal functions of the kidneys?
Body fluid homeostasis
Regulation of vascular tone
Excretory function
Electrolyte homeostasis
Acid/base homeostasis
Endocrine function
What are possible bad short term and intermediate/long term complications of AKI?
- Short term (in hospital)
- Death, dialysis, length of stay
- Intermediate/long term (post-discharge)
- Death, CKD, dialysis, CKD related CV elements
How does mortality change with the stage of AKI?
Mortality increases with stage
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/372/579/501/a_image_thumb.png?1583941686)
What are pre-renal causes of AKI?
- Cardiac failure
- Haemorrhage
- Sepsis
- Vomiting and diarrhoea
What are renal causes of AKI?
- Glomerulonephritis
- Vasculitis
- Radiocontrast
- Myeloma
- Rhadomyolysis
- Drugs
- NSAIDs, gentamicin
What are post renal causes of AKI?
- Tumours
- Prostate disease
- Stones
What ar esome causes of AKI?
Pre-renal:
- Cardiac failure
- Haemorrhage
- Sepsis
- Vomiting and diarrhoea
Post-renal
- Tumours
- Prostate disease
- Stones
Intrinsic:
- Glomerulonephritis
- Vasculitis
- Radiocontrast
- Myeloma
- Rhadomyolysis
- Drugs
- NSAIDs, gentamicin
What are examples of drugs that can cause AKI?
NSAIDs
Gentamicin