Other Conditions

Question 1

What is peyronies disease?

Answer 1

Noncancerous condition resulting form fibrous scar tissue that devlops on the penis and causes curved, painful erections.

Question 2

What should you look for on inspection of scrotal lumps?

Answer 2

6 S’s

Site 
Size 
Shape 
Symmetry 
Skin changes 
Scars

Question 3

What should be commented on when palpating a scrotal lump?

Answer 3

Tenderness, temp, tranillimination

CAMPFIRE:
Consistancy, attachments, mobility, pulsation, fluctuation, irreducibility, regional lymph nodes and edge

Question 4

What is a hydrocele?

Answer 4

abnormal collection of peritoneal fluid between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis enveloping the testis. They typically present as a painless fluctuant swelling that will transilluminate, either unilateral or bilateral.

Question 5

What is congentital hydrocele and treatment ?

Answer 5

regress spontaneously by one or two years of age. No treatment is typically needed. In infants, they can be caused by a patent processus vaginalis requiring ligation to stop recurrence.

Question 6

What is management fo hydrocele?

Answer 6

older males, hydrocoeles may be primary (idiopathic) or secondary due to trauma, infection, or malignancy. Those presenting with a hydrocoele aged between 20-40yrs (or where the testis cannot be palpated) should undergo urgent ultrasound scan

Question 7

What is a varicocele?

Answer 7

abnormal dilatation of the pampiniform venous plexus within the spermatic cord. They present as a lump, often described as feeling like a “bag of worms” or with a “dragging sensation”, and may disappear on lying flat. It is important to examine the patient lying down, standing up and whilst performing a valsava manoeuvre.

90% left sided

Question 8

What are the complications of variocele?

Answer 8

Inferilty
Testicular atrophy

Should undergo semen analysis

Question 9

What are the red flag signs fo variocele?

Answer 9

acute onset, right-sided, or remain when lying flat, and should be investigated urgently. Asymptomatic varicocoeles with no alarming features generally need no treatment.

Question 10

What is the surgical management for varicocele?

Answer 10

embolisation by an interventional radiologist and surgical approaches either open or laparoscopic approach for ligation of the spermatic veins.