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MCAT > Chemistry and Physics > Flashcards

Chemistry and Physics Flashcards

1
Q

log x

A

ln x / 2.303

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2
Q

log (n x 10^m)

A

m + 0.n

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3
Q

Junction Rule

A

sum of currents entering = sum of currents leaving

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4
Q

Loop Rule

A

sum of voltage sources = sum of voltage drops

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5
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

V=IR

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6
Q

Resistance

A

R = ρ L/ A

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7
Q

Power of resistor

A

P = IV

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8
Q

Resistors in Series

A 
V = V1 + V2 + V3
I = I1 = I2 = I3
R = R1 + R2 + R3
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9
Q

Resistors in parallel

A 
V = V1 = V2 = V3
I = I1 + I2 + I3
I/R = I/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
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10
Q

capacitance & units

A

C = Q/V

units 1 F = 1 C/V

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11
Q

capacitance in terms of area and distance

what is constant?

A

C = ε0 A / d

8.85 x 10^-12

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12
Q

uniform electric field formula

A

E = V/d

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13
Q

dielectric material

A

insulator –> shields opposite charges from each other

capacitance increases and voltage decreases

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14
Q

capacitors in series

A

total capacitance decreases as more capacitors are added
1/C = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3
total voltage = sum of individual voltages

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15
Q

capacitors in parallel

A

capacitance increases as more capacitors are added
C = C1 + C2 + C3
voltage is sum of all the individual voltages

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16
Q

newton’s first law

A

F net = 0

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17
Q

newton’s second law

A

F net = ma

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18
Q

newton’s third law

A

FAB = -FBA

F B on A = - F A on B

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19
Q

kinematic formulas

A 
v = v0 + at
x = v0t + (1/2)at^2
v^2 = v0^2 + 2aΔx
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20
Q

specific gravity

A

density of fluid compared to pure water

SG = ρ / 1 g/cm^3

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21
Q

absolute pressure formula

A

P = P0 + ρgh

absolute pressure = ambient pressure + buoyant force

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22
Q

gauge pressure

A

Pgauge = P - Patm = (P0 + pgh) - Patm

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23
Q

pascal’s principle

A 
P = F1/A1
P = F2/A2
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24
Q

archimedes principle

A

Fbuoy = ρ fluid V fluid displaced g = ρ fluid V submerged g

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25
Q

venturi flow meter

A

height of tube remains constant
area goes down, velocity goes up
velocity goes up, pressure goes down

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26
Q

atomic number

A

number of protons

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27
Q

mass number

A

protons and neutrons

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28
Q

what energy level are electrons removed from?

A

electrons are removed from the highest energy level first ( d > p > s)

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29
Q

paramagnetic

A

parallel spins in unpaired electrons

weakly attracted to magnetic field

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30
Q

diamagnetic

A

paired electrons

slightly repelled by magnetic field

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31
Q

redox reactions (and agents)

A

OIL: oxidation is loss of electrons
RIG: reduction is gain of electrons
oxidizing agents ==> strongly electronegative agents
reducing agents ==> metal ions or hydrides

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32
Q

Faraday’s law

A

1 mol of metal M(s) produced if n moles of electrons are supplied to one mole of M^n+

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33
Q

Faraday constant

A

1 F = 96,485 C

1 F = 10^5 C / mol e-

34
Q

galvanic cell (anode/cathode)

A

ANODE (negative)

CATHODE (positive)

35
Q

in all electrochemical cells: electrons flow from ____ to _____

A

anode to cathode

36
Q

electrolytic cell (anode/cathode)

A

ANODE (positive)

CATHODE (negative)

37
Q

cations attracted to ______

anions attracted to _______

A

cathode (reduction) gain electrons

anode (oxidation) give up electrons

38
Q

Bronsted Lowry (His)

A

acid donates H+

base accepts H+

39
Q

Lewis (e)

A

acid accepts e-

base donates e-

40
Q

Snell’s law

A

bending of light

n1 X sinθ1 = n2 X sinθ2

41
Q

total internal reflection

A

all of incident light is reflected

42
Q

Doppler effect - light

A

as the source moves toward you, the frequency increases

43
Q

for reflection, relate angle of incidence and angle of reflection

A

they are equal

44
Q

how do plane mirrors reflect incident light?

A

all in the same way

45
Q

relate mirror and lens

A

concave mirrors and like convex lens

convex mirrors are like concave lens

46
Q

concave mirrors

A 
CONVERGE
image is inverted and real
image appears larger
focal distance (-)
object distance (+)
image distance (+)
47
Q

convex mirrors

A 
DIVERGE
image upright and virtual
image appears smaller
focal distance (-)
object distance (+)
image distance (-)
48
Q

spherical mirror - focal length

relate f, o and I

A

focal length = radius of curvature/2

1/f = 1/i - 1/o

49
Q

convex lens

A 
CONVERGE
inverted and real image
focal distance (+)
object distance (+)
image distance (+)
50
Q

concave lens

A 
DIVERGE
upright and virtual
object distance (+)
image distance (-)
focal distance (-)
51
Q

mirror formulas (height)

A

i/o = hi / ho (relate height of image and object)

determine magnification

52
Q

lens formulas (magnification)

A

magnification

M = h’/h = -i/o

53
Q

strong acid has a ____ conjugate base

A

weak

54
Q

strong base has a _____ conjugate acid

A

weak

55
Q

weak acid has a _____ conjugate base

A

weak

56
Q

how does myelin act like a capacitor?

A

increases thickness of lipid bilayer around axon
increased distance between 2 “plates”
decreases capacitance across, so impulse travels faster down axon

57
Q

exothermic rxn: Kc decreases with an increase in temperature

which way does reaction shift?

A

left toward reactants

58
Q

exothermic rxn: Kc increases with an decrease in temperature

which way does reaction shift?

A

right toward products

59
Q

endothermic rxn: Kc increases with an increase in temperature
which way does reaction shift?

A

right toward products

60
Q

endothermic rxn: Kc decreases with an decrease in temperature
which way does reaction shift?

A

left toward reactants

61
Q

if hot air expands adiabatically, what happens to the density of the air?

A

decreased density

62
Q

convection

A

transfer of heat by physical motion of fluid
flow
*liquids and gases

63
Q

conduction

A

direct transfer of energy from molecule to molecule

*contact

64
Q

after 1 half life how much remains:

after 2 half lifes how much remains:

A

50%

25%

65
Q

volume and temperature relationship

A

V ∝ T

66
Q

systemic vs. pulmonary circulation

A

systemic: more blood, larger volume –> more pressure on arteries
pulmonary: less blood, smaller volume –> less pressure on arteries

67
Q

SN2 reaction effect on configuration

A

INVERSION

R –> S or S –> R

68
Q

index of refraction

A

comparing speed of light in different mediums

speed of light / speed of light in medium

69
Q

energy equation

A

E = hf

70
Q

atmospheric pressure

A

760 mmHg

71
Q

assumption of ideal gases

A

individual molecular volume and intermolecular forces are negligible

72
Q

lipase

A

hydrolyzes triacylglycerides (LIPIDS)

73
Q

glucose subunits are connected by ______ bonds linearly

A

alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond

74
Q

thin lens equation

A

1/f = 1/i + 1/o

75
Q

comparing height of object to height of image

A

hi / ho = I / o

76
Q

gamma decay

A

emission of photons by nucleus

77
Q

beta-plus decay

A

emission of protons (PLUS)

78
Q

nuclear fission

A

emission of neutrons

79
Q

beta-minus decay

A

emission of electrons (MINUS)

80
Q

spontaneous reactions occur when reduction potential is ____

A

> 0

MCAT (5 decks)

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