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H Bio > Unit 1 Summative Assessment (Chemistry of Life) > Flashcards

Unit 1 Summative Assessment (Chemistry of Life) Flashcards

1
Q

7 properties of life

A

Order, Reproduction, Growth & Development, Energy Processing, Regulation, Environmental Response, Evolutionary Adaptation, Cells

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2
Q

Biosphere

A

All life-related things on Earth

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

Regional, physical location with its own environment (contained within Earth’s biosphere)

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4
Q

Community

A

All the organisms in a given ecosystem

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5
Q

Population

A

All organisms of one species in an community

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6
Q

Organism

A

Individual member of a population

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7
Q

Organ System

A

All the organs in an individual’s body

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8
Q

Tissues

A

Biological makeup of organs

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9
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A
  • Single-celled organism
  • Evolved first
  • Simple
  • Smaller than eukaryotic

-All cells contain cell membrane and DNA

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10
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A
  • Plants, animals, fungi, protists
  • More complex
  • Contain organelles

-All cells contain cell membrane and DNA

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11
Q

DNA

A

Nucleic Acid contains genes

  • Genes are units of inheritance
  • Grouped into chromosomes
  • Controls activities of the cell and body
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12
Q

Energy cycling

A

Inflow of sunlight energy -> producers (plants) -> calories -> consumers (animals) -> outflow of heat from metabolism

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13
Q

Bacteria

A

Most diverse and widespread prokaryotes

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14
Q

Archaea

A

Prokaryotes in extreme environments, chemical reactions are different

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15
Q

Eukaraya

A

Single-celled protists & multicellular animals

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16
Q

3 domains of life

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

17
Q

4 kingdoms of Eukaraya

A

protista, fungi, animalia, plantae

18
Q

Natural selection

A

Individual variation + overproduction of offspring -> unequal reproductive success + accumulation favorable traits over time

19
Q

Element vs. Compound

A

Element - the most basic unit of matter that retains characteristics (atom)
Compound - molecule

20
Q

Ionic, Covalent, Hydrogen bonds

A

Ionic - when an atom takes another atom’s electron
Covalent - when two or more atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons
Hydrogen - results from hydrogen hoarding electrons, producing electrical attraction between water molecules

21
Q

Polar molecule

A

Molecule with uneven distribution of charge

22
Q

Molecular structure of water

A

Hydrogen + 2 covalently bonded Oxygens

23
Q

Solvent vs. Solute

A

Solvent - dissolving medium

Solute - substance that is being dissolved

24
Q

Cohesion vs. Adhesion

A

Cohesion is water sticking to iteself

Adhesion is water sticking to other materials

25
Q

Surface tension vs. Capillary action

A

Surface tension - water bonds together against the force of gravity (cohesion)
Capillary action - water climbs up other materials (cohesion + adhesion)

26
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large molecules with complex structures

27
Q

4 Organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

28
Q

Dissolving vs. Disassociation

A

When something dissolves, the molecule is unchanged. It stays itself. When something dissociates, it breaks apart.

29
Q

Dehydration synthesis vs. Hydrolysis

A
  • Dehydration synthesis is the creation of larger molecules from smaller monomers where a water molecule is released.
  • Hydrolysis reactions use water to breakdown polymers into monomers
30
Q

Carbohydrates

A
  • source of dietary energy and building blocks of plants
  • ends in -ose
  • Monosaccharides - Simple sugars (fructose, glucose)
  • Polysaccharides - complex sugars made by joining many monosaccharides:
31
Q

5 essential functions of Lipids

A 
Perform essential functions:
-Energy storage
-Cushioning
-Insulation
-Cell membranes
-Hormone regulation
Neither macromolecules more polymers
32
Q

Phospholipids

A

Make up cell membranes because of hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic fatty acid tails

33
Q

Lipids - Triglycerides

A

Carbon/hydrogen chains in triglyceride tails store energy

34
Q

Saturated vs. Unsaturated fats

A

Saturated - stays in solid form (animal fat) has max amount of hydrogen
Unsaturated - liquid because it has less hydrogen (causes it to bend)

35
Q

Lipids - Cholesterol

A

Synthesizes important lipid hormones

Fluid in animal cell membranes

36
Q

Lipids - steroids

A

Makes steroids and sex hormones

37
Q

Proteins: 5 functions, formation, shape

A
  • Structural, storage, contractile, transport, enzymes
  • Made of amino acids (monomers) coming to form proteins, joined by peptide bonds. 20 different kinds of amino acids.
  • shape -> function
38
Q

Denaturation

A

Altering the shape of a protein, making it permanently unable to perform its function

39
Q

Starch vs. Cellulose vs. Glycogen

A
  • -Starch: stores excess sugar - long unbranched chains of glucose
  • -Cellulose: makes up plants body - fiber
  • -Glycogen: stores excess sugar in animals for 24h - branched chains of glucose

H Bio (2 decks)

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