J-1 Task 1

Question 1

What are Live Loads?

Answer 1

Variable, non permanent loads that act on a building structure

Question 2

How can Live Loads be described?

Answer 2

Static, repetitive, or dynamic

Question 3

How are live loads caused?

Answer 3

Human caused or they can be environmental

Question 4

What is a Static Load?

Answer 4

External force thats applied and held in a fixed position for a specific amount of time

Example of a static load caused by gravity is the weight of a piece of furniture

Question 5

What is a repetitive load?

Answer 5

Repetitve load that repeats itself, may be caused by gravity or the momentum of an object

Example is a car crossing a bridge placing temporary repetitive gravitational loads on the bridge

Question 6

What is dynamic load?

Answer 6

Is a load that can change over time

Example is the repetive action of cars braking and accelerating on a bridge

Question 7

What kind of loads does wind affect on a building?

Answer 7

Can create both static and dynamic loads

Question 8

What kind of loads does rain and snow create?

Answer 8

Static live loads, these gravitational loads are transferred vertically through a building structure

Question 9

What is the formula for snow load?

Answer 9

S=(Cb x Ss) + Sr

Question 10

For specified snow load, what does S=?

Answer 10

S= specified snow load for the roof

Question 11

For specified snow load, what does Cb=?

Answer 11

Basic snow load roof factor

Question 12

For specified snow load, what does Ss=?

Answer 12

Ss= 1-50 year ground snow load in kPa for buildings geographical location

Question 13

For specified snow load, what does Sr=?

Answer 13

1-50 year rain load in kPa for building geographical location

Question 14

Roofs 4.3 metres (14’) in width use what percentage of ground snow load?

Answer 14

45% of ground snow load, 55% of ground snow load over 4.3m

Question 15

What kind of load does an earthquake put on a house?

Answer 15

Exerts a dynamic load on buildings that can be catastrophic

Question 16

How many seismic zones in BC?

Answer 16

The code divides british columbia into three seismic zones

Question 17

What is a dead load?

Answer 17

A dead load is constant, caused by the gravity acting on all of the building materials

Question 18

What is examples of “heavy construction”?

Answer 18

Increased dead load due to concrete floor toppings and/or tile roofing, for seismic reasons

Question 19

What is the dead load for wood frame construction?

Answer 19

Treated as 0.5 kPa (10 lb per square foot)

Question 20

What gives objects their weight?

Answer 20

Gravity, the force of gravity acts toward the centre of the earth

Question 21

Is a plumb line in vancouver parallel with toroto plumb line?

Answer 21

No, plumb lines radiate from the centre of the earth and are not parallel

Question 22

What are four common stresses acting on a building?

Answer 22

Compression
Tension
Torsion
Shear

Question 23

Live and dead loads applied to a building structure result in stresses, what happens if left unchecked?

Answer 23

Stresses may deform the building structure

Question 24

What is compression?

Answer 24

Force acting to squash an object

Question 25

What is tension?

Answer 25

Pulling force that acts to lengthen an object

Question 26

What kind of stresses does a beam endure?

Answer 26

Compression and tension, top is under compression while the bottom is under tension

Question 27

What is torsion?

Answer 27

The force caused when one or both ends of an object are twisted in opposing directions

Question 28

What reduces torsion?

Answer 28

Symmetry reduces torsion (balance)

Balance between stiff and ductile (elastic) building materials also helps ease stresses of torsion

Question 29

What is shear stress?

Answer 29

Shear stess occurs when there are pushing or pulling forces acting in opposing directions on a solid component

Question 30

Which directions can shear be?

Answer 30

Horizontal, vertical, or diagonal

Question 31

What results in horizontal shearing?

Answer 31

Deflection and vertical loading

Question 32

What is an example of a vertical shear?

Answer 32

Beam acting on a column, stress in the beam at the edge of the column is a vertical shear

Question 33

What is a diagonal shear?

Answer 33

Building components that are under both horizontal and vertical shear stesses experience diagonal shear

Question 34

Explain how concrete can be a live load and then a dead load?

Answer 34

When concrete is placed it is a live load, when it has hardened to become part of the building, it becomes a dead load

Question 35

What is the combined live and dead load per square foot for a living room floor?

Answer 35

40+10=50 lb./ft^2

Question 36

What concern is there when a point load exists?

Answer 36

Point loads cause to extreme compressive stress where they bear