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Chemistry 2 > 1: Introduction to Biochemistry (Cells) > Flashcards

1: Introduction to Biochemistry (Cells) Flashcards

1
Q

study of chemistry of living organisms including substances and chemical reactions as well as chemical interactions

A

Biochemistry

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2
Q

study of biological processes that take place in cells of organisms

A

Biochemistry

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3
Q

study of properties of biological molecules

A

Biochemistry

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4
Q

inorganic substances that are found in the body such as water and inorganic salts

A

Bio-inorganic

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5
Q

organic chemicals and substances found in the body

A

Bio-organic

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6
Q

% of water in the body

A

70%

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7
Q

% of inorganic salts

A

5%

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8
Q

% of carbohydrates in the body

A

2%

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9
Q

% of lipids in the body

A

8%

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10
Q

% of proteins in the body

A

15%

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11
Q

% of nucleic acids in the body

A

2%

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12
Q

unicellular organisms without nucleus

A

Prokaryotes

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13
Q

cells with nucleu

A

Eukaryotes

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14
Q

breaks down complex substances to simpler molecules

A

Enzymes

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15
Q

amphipathic molecules with hydrophilic heads and lipophilic tails

A

Lipid bilayer (Membrane Lipids)

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16
Q

2 types of membrane proteins

A

Integral Proteins

Peripheral Proteins

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17
Q

proteins immersed within the lipid bilayer and act as enzymes and transport carriers for ions and water soluble substances

A

Integral Proteins

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18
Q

proteins outside the cell membrane that allow the cell to communicate with each other

A

Peripheral Proteins

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19
Q

exists in combination with lipids and proteins

A

Membrane Carbohydrates

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20
Q

protects the cytoplasm and organelles

A

Cell Membrane

21
Q

Semi-permeable membrane that only permits some substances to pass either direction and forms a barrier for other substances

A

Cell Membrane

22
Q

internal volume bounded by the plasma membrane that is a clear fluid in which particles and organelles are suspended

A

Cytoplasm

23
Q

responsible for production and synthesis of substances necessary for cell function

A

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

24
Q

protein synthesis with ribosomes

A

Rough ER

25
Q

lipid synthesis

A

Smooth ER

26
Q

stores and releases calcium ions for muscle contraction

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

the “factory house” of the cell with substances are “repacked” for cellular functions

A

Golgi Complex

28
Q

responsible for the metabolism of waste products without oxygen

A

Lysosomes

29
Q

metabolism of waste through oxidation

A

Perixosomes

30
Q

powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

carries the genetic information of the cell

A

Nucleus

32
Q

detoxifies calcium blockages and xenobiotics in blood vessels of liver and kidneys

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

33
Q

salivary protein that breaks down sucrose in the saliva

A

Amylase

34
Q

suicide bag of the cell

A

Lysosomes

35
Q

provides shape and protective barrier to the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

36
Q

organized structure of DNA and RNA ass well as proteins involved in ribosomal RNA

A

Nucleolus

37
Q

responsible for both replication and transcription of DNA

A

Nucleolus

38
Q

DNA to DNA

A

replication

39
Q

DNA to RNA

A

transcription

40
Q

RNA to protein

A

Translation

41
Q

organic molecules that can be macros or smaller ones

A

Biomolecules

42
Q

Chxm: Carbohydrates

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

43
Q

Chxm: Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids

A

C
H
O
N

44
Q

source of fuel and energy and aids in proper functioning of the brains

A

Carbohydrates

45
Q

have varying specific functions and makes up the basic foundations of an organism

A

Proteins

46
Q

stored energy that composes structural membranes forming a barrier and controls the flow of materials in and out of the cell

A

Lipids

47
Q

METABOLISM OF ALCOHOL

A

alcohol - (alcohol dehydrogenase) - acetaldehyde - (aldehyde dehydrogenase) - acetic acid CH3COOH - acetate CH3COO

48
Q

organ responsible for metabolism of alcohol

A

Liver

Chemistry 2 (4 decks)

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