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AP Human Geography > Ch 11 > Flashcards

Ch 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Where would a copper concentration mill tend to locate near, why?

A

near a copper mine because it is a bulk-reducing industry

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2
Q

Metal fabrication plants are an example of what?

A

a bulk-gaining industry because separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products

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3
Q

Situation costs are critical to a firm that wishes to____

A

Minimize transport costs

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4
Q

Explain the process of assembly plant locations.

A

Bulk Reducing: closer to the raw materials

Bulk Gaining: closer to the market

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5
Q

Beer bottling is an example of what?

A

Bulk-gaining industry

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6
Q

Fabricated metal production is an example of what?

A

Bulk-gaining industry

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7
Q

Describe important factors of the bulk-gaining industry.

A

Bulk-gaining industries make products that weigh more after assembly than before assembly

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8
Q

A company that uses more than one ________ will often locate near break-of-bulk points.

A

Mode of transport

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9
Q

Deduce the lowest-cost form of transporting goods.

A

boat

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10
Q

________ is the shipment of manufacturing inputs in a manner that allows for production flexibility.

A

Just in time

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11
Q

Three types of disruptions can affect just-in-time delivery manufacturing:

A

Natural hazards, traffic, labor unrest

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12
Q

Explain why Containerization was developed.

A

To facilitate long-distance transport by ship before transferring to trucks and trains

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13
Q

An industry in which employee costs are a high percentage of expenses is what?

A

Labor-Intensive Industry

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14
Q

Explain Fracking.

A

(hydraulic fracturing) The pumping of water at high temperatures breaks apart rocks in order to release natural gas

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15
Q

Describe the process of Mexico’s maquiladora plants.

A

Taking advantage of law environmental enforcement, have an advantage of proximity to U.S. markets

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16
Q

Explain Mexico’s maquiladora plant locations.

A

Factories built by the U.S. companies in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico

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17
Q

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the…

A

Total values of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year

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18
Q

An example of a primary sector activity is…

A

Mining

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19
Q

Provide examples for each sector of the economy

A

Tertiary: Processing of computer information
Secondary: manufacturing
Primary: mining

20
Q

Describe the secondary sector of the economy

A

Construction

21
Q

Describe the primary sector of the economy

A

Sheepherding

22
Q

People are more productive in more developed countries because they have access to more technology.
Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of literacy.
If a country has a large number of publishers and globally esteemed universities, you might summarise that the country is most like an MDC

A

Characteristics of more developed countries

23
Q

Define HDI

A

A function of a standard of living, education, and health

24
Q

The Gender Inequality Index (GII) is what?

A

Compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country

25
Q

Empowerment refers to

A

The ability of women to achieve economic and political power

26
Q

What did Geographer Derwent Whittlesey do?

A

He divided the world into 11 agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture), 6 of which were classified as found in MDCs and 5 as found in LDCs.

27
Q

when farmers grow food crops to meet the needs of themselves and their families on smallholdings

A

Subsistence agriculture

28
Q

found in isolated places in the world. The direction and frequency of hunger-gatherer migration depended on the movement of the plants.

A

hunting and gathering societies

29
Q

Which type of agriculture is most commonly practiced by most people?

A

Intensive-subsistence agriculture

30
Q

a way of life of peoples who do not live continually in the same place but move cyclically or periodically

A

Pastoral nomadism

31
Q

Where are types of agriculture most commonly found?

A

Shifting cultivation (less developed countries) in humid low-latitude and a new site is designated every few years

(Intensive subsistence = dry climate)

32
Q

Define key characteristics of intensive subsistence agriculture

A

Greater use of animal power

33
Q

How could you increase crop yields?

A

Double cropping

34
Q

What is the purpose of crop rotation?

A

Maintaining the fertility of fields

35
Q

Describe the meaning of Sawah and Paddy

A

Wet-rice

36
Q

Define key features of the term Truck farming

A

Truck means “battering” or “exchange of commodities”

37
Q

Farms integrating into a large food production industry is known as what?

A

Agribusiness

38
Q

________ model is used by geographers to explain the importance of proximity to the market in the choice of crops to the commercial farm.

A

von Thünen

39
Q

Mixing crops and livestock is what?

A

A system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for crop fertilization

40
Q

Explain the primary factor in von Thünen’s model

A

Market location

41
Q

An area organized into an independent political unit is what?

A

state

42
Q

What are the characteristics of a state?

A

A politically bound area controlled by an established government that has authority over its internal affairs and foreign policy

43
Q

A state with control over its internal affairs has…

A

Sovereignty

44
Q

Differentiate frontier and boundary

A

frontier is a zone where no state exercises complete political control and the boundary is an invisible line that marks the extent of a state’s territory

45
Q

Cultural boundaries follow the distribution of cultural features.
Geometric boundaries are based on human constructs, such as straight lines.
Physical boundaries coincide with significant features of the natural landscape.

A

Features of types of boundaries

AP Human Geography (2 decks)

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