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Anatomy > Ch. 5 > Flashcards

Ch. 5 Flashcards

1
Q

6 functions of skin

A

resist trauma/infection | barrier against water/UV/chemicals | makes Vitamin D | sensation | thermoregulation | nonverbal communication (ie: acne)

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2
Q

3 layers of skin (outer to inner)

A

epidermis > dermis > hypodermis

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3
Q

5 types of cells found in epidermis

A

stem cells | keratinocytes | melanocytes | tactile cells | langerhans cells

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4
Q

What are stem cells in epidermis and their function?

A

gives rise to keratinocytes | stratum basale

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5
Q

What are keratinocytes and their function?

A

epidermal cells that make keratin

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6
Q

What are Merkel cells and their function?

A

tactile sensation via dermal nerve fibers

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7
Q

What are langerhans cells and their function?

A

skin immune cells (dendritic cells) that protect against pathogens | stratum basale

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8
Q

What are melanocytes and their function?

A

make melanin = protects DNA from UV

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9
Q

tissue found in epidermis

A

keratin

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10
Q

What is thick skin? Example?

A

has stratum lucidum | no hair follicles/sebaceous glands

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11
Q

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis from outer to inner?

A

stratum corneum > stratum lucidum > stratum granulosum > stratum spinosum > stratum basale

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12
Q

What is the characteristic of stratum corneum?

A

dead keratinized cells of skin surface (corns?) | resist abrasion, penetration, water loss

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13
Q

What is the characteristic of stratum lucidum?

A

thin translucent zone (lucid) | keratinocytes densely packed with eleidin | cells have no nucleus

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14
Q

What is the characteristic of stratum granulosum?

A

3-5 layers of flat keratinocytes | course dark-staining keratohyalin granules

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15
Q

What is the characteristic of stratum spinosum?

A

multi-layer keratinocytes | THICKEST LAYER | has dendritic cells

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16
Q

What is the characteristic of stratum basale?

A

cuboidal/short columnar STEM cells and keratinocytes on basement membrane | has tactile cells + melanocytes
| replaces lost epidermal cells

17
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dermis from outer to inner?

A

papillary | reticular

18
Q

What is the papillary layer and the type of tissue found here?

A

superficial dermis layer | thin zone of areolar tissue

19
Q

What is the reticular layer and the type of tissue found here?

A

deeper + thicker dermis layer | dense irregular connective tissue

20
Q

What is hypodermis and what is found there?

A

subcutaneous tissue = areolar and adipose tissue

21
Q

What causes variation in skin color?

A

everyone has same number of melanocytes BUT DIFFERENT AMOUNTS of MELANIN | more distributed = darker color, more clumped = lighter color

22
Q

What is jaundice?

A

yellowing of skin and sclera due to excess bilirubin in blood

23
Q

What is albinism?

A

genetic lack of melanin = white hair, pink eyes, pale skin

24
Q

What is the most abundant sweat gland?

A

merocrine/eccrine sweat glands

Anatomy (8 decks)

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