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Hematology > Hema Lec #1 : Megakaryocytic Series > Flashcards

Hema Lec #1 : Megakaryocytic Series Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the followiing that best describe the platelet?

a. non-nucleated blood cells that is a successor cell of metamegakaryocyte
b. nucleated blood cells that triggers primary hemostasis upon exposure to subendothelial collagen
c. non-nucleated blood cells that is not a successor cell of metamegakaryocyte
d. none of the above

A

c. non-nucleated blood cells that is not a successor cell of metamegakaryocyte

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2
Q

Platelet arise from unique bone marrow cells called ____________

A

Megakaryocyte

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3
Q

All of the following are true about megakaryocyte EXCEPT:

a. large cells with lobated nuclei; diploid
b. responds the growth factor thrombopoietin
c. large cells with multilobated nuclei; polyploid
d. recruited from common myeloid progenitors

A

a. large cells with lobated nuclei; diploid

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4
Q

what transription gene product and its cofactor that influence megakaryocyte progenitor from common myeloid progenitor

A

GATA-1, regulated by cofactor FOG1

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5
Q

megakaryocyte differentiation is suppressed by another transcription gene product: ____

A

MYB

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6
Q

T/F. GATA-1 and MYB work together to balance the megakaryocytopoiesis in one arm and erythropoiesis in another arm

A

False. opposition

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7
Q

State the 3 megakaryocyte lineage-commited progenitor stages that arise from common myeloid progenitor

A
  • BFU-meg (Burst-forming unit)
  • CFU-Meg (Colony-Forming unit)
  • LD-CFU-Meg (Low Density …)
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8
Q

which of the three megakaryocyte lineage that loses its capacity to divide but continues to replicate DNA and mature its cytoplasm?

A

Low Density-Colony-Forming unit Mergakaryocyte

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9
Q

T/F. 3 megakaryocyte lineage resembles lymphocyte that can be distinguished by Wright-stained light microscopy

A

False. cannot be distinguished

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10
Q

a form of mitosis that does not separate into daughter cells

A

Endomitosis

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11
Q

what transcription factor that mediates the switch from mitosis to endomitosis?

A

RUNX1

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12
Q

What transcription factor that still proceeds DNA replication during endomitosis?

A

NF-E2

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13
Q

A series of stages which can be recognized on Wright-stained bone marrow smears or H&E stained bone marrow biopsy slides

A

Terminal differentiation

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14
Q

What megakaryocyte stage that has plasma membrane blebs?

A

Megakaryoblast

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15
Q

what megakaryocyte stage where it begins to develop most of its cytoplasmic ultrastructure including: alpha granules, dense granules and demarcation system

A

Megakaryoblast

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16
Q

T/F. the DMS is biologically identical to the megakaryocyte plasma membrane and ultimately delineates the individual platelets during thrombopoiesis

A

true

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17
Q

what megakaryocytic stage that reaches its full ploidy level by the end of the stage

A

Promegakaryocyte

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18
Q

what megakaryocytic stage wherein DMS is fully developed by the end of this stage

A

promegakaryocyte

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19
Q

what megakaryocytic stage wherein its nucleus is irregularly indented?

A

promegakaryocyte

20
Q

Most abundant stage and easily recognizable at low power magnification

A

Megakaryocyte

21
Q

what megakaryocytic stage wherein its its prominent feature is multilobulated nuclei?

A

Megakaryocyte

22
Q

what megakaryocytic stage wherein its nucleus is intensely indented?

A

Megakaryocyte

23
Q

what megakaryocytic stage wherein alpha and dense granules have fully developed and DMS is also fully developed?

A

Megakaryocyte

24
Q

a single megakaryocyte may shed how many plateletsa?

A

2000-4000 platelets

25
Q

What process is called when megakaryocyte shed platelets?

A

Thrombopoiesis

26
Q

A TPO receptor site that is present at all maturation stages

A

Flow Cytometry

27
Q

A technique that can detect cytoplasmic coagulation factor VIII, VWF, fibrinogen and CD61 in the fully developed megakaryocyte

A

immunostaining

28
Q

A technique that uses antibodies that are directed against markers such as CD61

A

immunohistochemistry

29
Q

in immunohistochemistry, if the marker is present in the sample, it will manifest, what color?

A

brown

30
Q

it is basically “platelet shedding”

A

thrombopoiesis

31
Q

what transmission is used when realtime platelet budding may be seen

A

electron microscopy

32
Q

T/F. Megakaryocyte processes are believed to pierce through or between sinusoid-lining endothelial cells, extend into the venous blood and shed platelets

A

True

33
Q

Naked megakaryocyte nuclei are left behind and consumed by ….

A

marrow macrophage

34
Q

most important hormone of megakaryocytopoiesis

A

thrombopoietin

35
Q

what is the primary source of TPO?

A

liver

36
Q

what are other sources where mRNA of TPO is located aside from the liver?

A

kidney, stromal cells, and smooth muscle cells

37
Q

it is a ligand that binds megakaryocyte and platelet membrane receptor protein (MPL)

A

thrombopoietin

38
Q

T/F. Plasma concentration is directly proportional to platelet and megakaryocyte mass

A

False. Inversely proportional

39
Q

other cytokines that function with TPO to stimumlate megakaryocytopoiesis in which it acts in synergy with TPO to induce the early differentiation of stem cells

A

Interleukin-3

40
Q

other cytokines that function with TPO to stimumlate megakaryocytopoiesis in which it help enhance endomitosis, megakaryocyet differentiation and thrombocytopoiesis

A

Interleukin-11

41
Q

mention the subtances in Megakaryocytopoiesis control that keeps in things in check so that there aren’t too many megakaryocyte produce

A

Platelet factor 4, beta-thromboglobulin, neutrophil-activating peptide 2, interleukin 8

42
Q

Platelets originate from special cells in the bone marrow known as _______ specifically, they come from _______

A
  1. megakaryocytes

2. megakaryocytes’ cytoplasm

43
Q

What growth factor that help megakaryocyte differentiate from common myeloid stem cells

A

TPO

44
Q

T/F. Terminal megakaryocytic differentiation stages are mroe visually identifiable in bone marrow aspirate smears

A

True

45
Q

T/F. megakaryocytopoiesis is a irregulated process, through various cytokines and inhibitory subtances

A

False. regulated

Hematology (18 decks)

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