Test 48

Question 1

Alcohol use disorder

Answer 1

Asking how many times in the past year a patient has had 5 (4 for women) or more drinks in a day is an effective screening tool to identify unhealthy alcohol use. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C is also a widely validated instrument that can be used for assessment.

Question 2

Prenatal Care

Answer 2

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels can be increased in neural tube defects (anencephaly, open spina bifida) and cerebral wall defects. Patients with elevated serum levels should undergo a detailed anatomic ultrasound.

Question 3

Thermal burn

Answer 3

Sun protective behaviors, sunscreens, and maintaining adequate hydration are the key factors to prevent skin damage from sun exposure.

Question 4

Decision making capacity

Answer 4

Patients who have AD with only mild cognitive impairment often retain decision-making capacity. A decision-specific capacity assessment should be performed in nonemergency situations.

Question 5

Schistosomiasis

Answer 5

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic fluke infection most commonly seen in sub-Saharan Africa. Chronic urinary schistosomiasis can cause dysuria, urinary frequency, terminal hematuria, and peripheral eosinophilia. Diagnosis is typically made by identifying parasite eggs by urine sediment microscopy.

Question 6

Celiac disease

Answer 6

Celiac disease is a chronic malabsorptive disorder caused by immune-mediated hypersensitivity to gluten. The most common cause of continued or recurrent symptoms is gluten intake from inadvertent ingestion or poor compliance. A detailed dietary review can help identify the source of gluten.

Question 7

Tick Paralysis

Answer 7

Patients with tick paralysis require a meticulous skin examination to identify the causative tick. Tick removal usually significantly improves symptoms within several hours. Most patients recover completely without further intervention.

Question 8

Statistical vs. clinical significance

Answer 8

A statistically significant result may not be clinically significant (not meaningful in practice).

Question 9

Parenting

Answer 9

By age 4-5 months, term infants can typically sleep through the night without requiring overnight feeds to meet their metabolic demands. Offering feedings during nocturnal awakenings trains infants to wake up to feed. To break this cycle, overnight feeds should be avoided.