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Biology > lecture 6 - Part I cells > Flashcards

lecture 6 - Part I cells Flashcards

1
Q

plasma membrane

A

boundary between cell and outside environment

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2
Q

two components of the plasma membrane

A

phospholipid molecules

protein molecules

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3
Q

functions of the plasma membrane

A

transport in and out of the cell
selectively permeable
cell signalling
cell adhesion

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4
Q

phospholipids

A

fatty acids bound to glycerol

phosphate group replaces one fatty acids

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5
Q

what happens when phospholipids are placed in water

A

form double layer
hydrophobic heads – face outward
hydrophobic tails – face inwards

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6
Q

which cells have a cell membrane

A

all cells

some organelles aswell

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7
Q

nonmembrous organelles

A

not come-lyly closed by membranes

direct contact with cytosol

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8
Q

membranous cells

A

enclosed by membrane

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9
Q

nuclear membrane

A

encloses the nucleus

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10
Q

nucleus pores

A

control passage of molecules in and out of nucleus

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11
Q

nuclear lamina

A

network of protein filaments that maintain shape of the nucleus

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12
Q

what happens inside the nucleus

A

DNA combines with protein for chromatin
chromatin forms chromosomes
DNA is replicated in nucleus
site of genetic control

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13
Q

nucleolus

A

spherical and surrounded by a layer of condensed chromatin

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14
Q

cytosol

A

“soup”
all other organelles reside
where most cellular metabolism occurs

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15
Q

cytoplasm

A

collective term for organelles and cytosol

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16
Q

smooth ER

A

rich in enzymes

played a role in metabolic processes

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17
Q

functions of smooth ER

A

synthesis of lipids
metabolites energy
stores calcium

18
Q

Rough ER

A

produce proteins for the rest of the cell

19
Q

ribosome

A

located in rough ER

to make proteins for the rough er to distributed

20
Q

what is the process of synthesis proteins from the rough ER

A
  1. when a polypeptide is synthesized on a ribosome it is threaded into the er through a pore
  2. when it enters the ER, new protein folds into 3D conformation
  3. in the lumen, enzymes can modify protein by adding carbs or liquids
  4. then secretary proteins depart wrapped is transport vesicles
21
Q

what is the process of synthesizing membranes

A

some proteins made by the ribosomes in ER get placed into the ER membrane itself
hence, the er membrane becomes bigger
some breaks off and ends up in other organelles

22
Q

vacuoles

A

sacs within the cell made out of the same material as the cell membranes

23
Q

vesicles

A

very small vacuoles

made at the golgi apparatus

24
Q

function of vesicles

A

carry protein molecules either to other organelles or cell membrane

25
Q

golgi apparatus

A

received protein from the ER

26
Q

cis region og GA

A

receives vesicles from ER

27
Q

trans region of GA

A

vesicles but off from golgi apparatus and are moved to cell mebrane

28
Q

functions of the golgi

A

processing proteins
sorting proteins
secretion of proteins

29
Q

what does the golgi do in plant cells

A

polysaccharides are synthesized

30
Q

peroximes

A

contain a variety of enzymes in order for the body to rid toxins
transfers hydrogen from various substances to oxygen

31
Q

what is the intermediate product form the peroximes job

A

hydrogen peroxide

32
Q

role of the peroximes

A

to protect cells from its own production of hydrogen peroxide
converts it into water

33
Q

lysosomes

A

small bags filled with hydrolytic enzymes

acidic

34
Q

function of lysosomes

A

break down proteins, carbs, nucleic acids and lipids

35
Q

primary lysosomes

A

bud from golgi complex

36
Q

secondary lysosomes

A

form from fusion of a primary with a vesicle

37
Q

why do animal cells need lysosomes

A

to digest and use food for energy

38
Q

why are lysosomes not needed in plant cells

A

plants cells have walls tough enough to keep large foreign objects out of the cell

39
Q

autophagy

A

when lysosomes degrade worn out organelles

make their molecules available for new organelles

40
Q

phagocytosis

A

amoebas and other protists eat by engulfing food particles

41
Q

end-membrane systems

A

organelles either directly continuous or connected by transfer of vesicles

42
Q

functions of the end-membrane system

A 
synthesis of proteins
transporting of protein into membranes and organelles
metabolism 
movement of lipids 
detoxification of poisons

Biology (7 decks)

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