The Structure of DNA 1.1 Flashcards
What are nucleotides made up of
Deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate and a base.
Different types of RNA
messenger, transfer and ribosomal
What are the base pairs?
Adenine to Thymine and Cytosine to Guanine
What’s between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the sugar of another?
A strong chemical bond
Which ways do the Antiparallel strands go?
5’ to 3’ on the left and 3’ to 5’ on the right
What are the DNA base pair rules?
Two strands of DNA are joined by weak hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.
What is the structure of DNA called?
Double Helix
What are eukaryotes?
Organisms which cells contain membrane bound organelles (such as nucleus or mitochondria)
What are prokaryotes?
Organisms lacking membrane bound organelles
How to remember prokaryotes?
Pro
Pre
Prehistoric
Before a nucleus
What is the DNA organisation in prokaryotes?
They have a singular circular double stranded chromosome tightly packed to form a nucleoide. And plasmids.
What is the DNA organisation in eukaryotes?
They all have linear chromosomes in their nucleus.
They also have circular chromosomes out with the nucleus, in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
What is the DNA packaging in eukaryotes?
The DNA double helix is tightly coiled and packaged with his tone proteins.
Why is yeast a special example of a eukaryote?
It has a nucleus and linear chromosomes BUT also contains plasmids which are useful for genetic engineering.
