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Sociology > Research Methods > Flashcards

Research Methods Flashcards

1
Q

which methods do interpretivists prefer and why

A

qualitative as high validity

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2
Q

define validity

A

how accurate it is in real world

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3
Q

define reliability

A

consistency if tested again

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4
Q

define representativeness

A

if it reflects whole population

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5
Q

which methods do positivists prefer and why

A

quantitative
as reliable and respresentative
social surveys, structured questionnaires and official statistics because these have good reliability and

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6
Q

What is random sampling

A

When a researcher randomly selects participants for research from a list or out of a hat. Every member has equal chance

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7
Q

Who prefers random sampling abs why

A

Positivists as provided sufficient size representative

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8
Q

What is opportunity sampling

A

Picked participants based on availability eg on a street

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9
Q

Advantage of opportunity sampling

A

Practicality as it’s quick

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10
Q

Disadvantages of opportunity sampling

A

Representativeness

Generalisability

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11
Q

Advantages of random sampling

A

Practicality size
Representative
Generalisable

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12
Q

What is quota sampling

A

Sampling frame is in social groups

To make sure there is specific elements like ethnic groups or gender

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13
Q

What is stratified sampling

A

The sample frame divided into into social groups then random sample from each group

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14
Q

What is systematic sampling

A

When researcher selects the nth person on sampling frame

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15
Q

Advantages systematic sampling

A

If from randomised frame list it is representative

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16
Q

Disadvantage systematic sampling

A

Under represent certain groups

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17
Q

What is snowball sampling

A

Works like a chain eg chain mail questionaired

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18
Q

Advantage snowball sampling

A

Large number
Quick
Easy

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19
Q

Disadvantage snowball sampling

A

Not representative

20
Q

Are Questionaires quantitative or qualitative

A

M am be both but best as quantitative

21
Q

Questionnaires

Relablity abs validity strengths and weaknesses

A

Strength
Reliability can be tested again

Weakness
Lacks validity

22
Q

Questionaires

Representativeness strengths and weakness

A

Strength
Large samples

Weakness
Low response rates

23
Q

Questionaires

Practicality strengths and weaknesses

A

Strength
Cheap quick and easy

Weakness
Can be expensive

24
Q

Questionaires

Ethics strengths and weaknesses

A

Strength
Anonymous confidential consent

Weakness
Stress and discomfort

25
Q

Which theorists prefer Questionaires

A

Positivists

26
Q

Structured interviews one difference of strengths and weakness with Questionaires

A

All same but

Researcher

  • higher response
  • time consuming abs Hawthorne effect
27
Q

Are unstructured interviews qualitative true or false

A

True

28
Q

Unstructured interviews strengths abs weaknesses of reliability and validity

A

Strengths
High validity And verstehen

Weaknesses
Not reliable
Hawthorne effect

29
Q

Define verstehen

A

Deep and true understanding of research objective

30
Q

Unstructured interviews strengths and weaknesses of representativeness

A

Weakness only Not generalisable

31
Q

Unstructured interviews strengths abs weaknesses of practicality

A

Strength
Easy

Weakness
Time consuming
Expensive
Specialist skills

32
Q

Unstructured interviews strengths abs weaknesses of ethics

A

Strengths
Support and comfort

Weaknesses
Not anonymous
Stress and discomfort

33
Q

What theorists prefer unstructured interviews

A

Interpretivists

34
Q

What is the difference between participant and non participant observations

A

Participant researcher plays active part

35
Q

Covert observation they know they being researched true or false

A

False

36
Q

observation strengths abs weaknesses of reliability and validity

A

Strengths
Validity
Verstehen

Weaknesses
Subjective

37
Q

Is observation quantitative or qualitative

A

Qualitative

38
Q

observation strengths abs weaknesses of respresentative

A

NOT RESPRESENTATIVE

39
Q

observation strengths abs weaknesses of practicality

A

Strength
Reaches HATD to reach groups

Weakness
Time consuming
Expensive 
Illegal activity 
Trust
40
Q

Covert observation strengths abs weaknesses of ethics

A

Weaknesses.
Deception
Illegal
Risk of harm

41
Q

Overt observation strengths abs weaknesses of ethics

A

Strength
Informed consent

Weaknesses
Hawthorne effect
Risk of hatm

42
Q

Is observations preferred by positivists or interpretivists

A

Interprevisists

43
Q

EXAMPLE overt observation

A

“Gang leader for a day”

Organisation of gangs in Chicago housing estate

44
Q

Field experiments strengths and weaknesses of reliability and validity

A

Strength
Reliability

Weakness
Hawthorne effect

45
Q

Field experiments are representative true or false

A

False

46
Q

Field experiments strengths and weaknesses of ethics

A

Strength
Consent

Weakness
Deception
Distress or discomfort

47
Q

Field experiments preferred by positivists trus or false

A

True

Sociology (8 decks)

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