11.1 And 11.2 Food Production And Cycles

Question 1

What is food security

Answer 1

The state of having reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food

Question 2

What factors affect crop growth

Answer 2

-soil quality
-weather
-soil pH

Question 3

How do glasshouse or poly tunnels help photosynthesis

Answer 3

-keeping plants enclosed keeps them free of pests and diseases
-helps farmer control water supplies to them
-allows commercial farmers to use artificial light
-trap the sun’s heat to keep the plants warm. In winter a heater may be used
-farmers can increase the level of CO2 in the greenhouse. e.g. using a paraffin heater
- controls water supply.
OVERALL: BY INCREASING TEMPERATURE, CO2 AVAILABLE AND LIGHT AVAILABLE FARMERS CAN INCREASE THE RATE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS MEANING PLANTS WULL GROW LARGER AND FASTER

Question 4

What 4 nutrients do plants need

Answer 4

-nitrates
-phosphates
-potassium
-magnesium

Question 5

What are nitrates used for in plants

Answer 5

To make amino acids which then turn into proteins and DNA

Question 6

What are phosphates used for in plants

Answer 6

DNA and cell membranes

Question 7

What is potassium used for in plants

Answer 7

To activate enzymes and helps in respiration and photosynthesis

Question 8

What causes soil mineral quality to fall

Answer 8

Removing crops - the nitrogen in their protein is lost from the ecosystem

Question 9

What are organic fertilisers made from

Answer 9

Faeces of farm animals mixed with straw

Question 10

What are the advantages of organic fertilisers

Answer 10

-recycling something they already have
-natural
-doesn’t impact ecosystem
-cheaper

Question 11

What are the disadvantages of organic fertilisers

Answer 11

-limited amount
-smells
-hard to know and control mineral concentration

Question 12

What are inorganic fertilisers

Answer 12

Inorganic compounds, such as potassium nitrate or ammonium nitrate, specially formulated to contain a specific amount of nitrates/other ion.

Question 13

What are the advantages of inorganic fertilisers

Answer 13

-can control concentration
-can add to field at any stage of plant growth

Question 14

What are the disadvantages of inorganic fertilisers

Answer 14

-expensive

Question 15

What do legume crops do

Answer 15

They convert nitrogen gas in the air trapped in the soil into ammonium ions

Question 16

What’s an example of a legume crop

Answer 16

Clover

Question 17

How often do farmers have a fallow year

Answer 17

One in every 4 years

Question 18

What do legume crops have

Answer 18

They have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in nodules in their roots

Question 19

What do decomposers do

Answer 19

Turn the nitrogen in the plant proteins to ammonia

Question 20

What does nitrifying bacteria do

Answer 20

Oxidise nitrate ions in the soil

Question 21

What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria do

Answer 21

Turn nitrogen in the air into nitrates in the soil

Question 22

What are the advantages of a legume crop and a fallow year

Answer 22

-better crops next year
-cheap
-good for pollinators

Question 23

What are the disadvantages of a legume crop and fallow year

Answer 23

-don’t earn money

Question 24

What can be classified as a pest

Answer 24

-plants
-animals
-bacteria
-fungi
-protoctists
-viruses

Question 25

How can you reduce the impact of pests

Answer 25

PESTICIDES: -herbicides - weeds -insecticides - insects -fungicides - fungi -molluscicides - molluscs e.g. slugs and snails

Question 26

What are the problems with pesticides

Answer 26

-slow to decompose -build up in tissues of organism higher up in the food chain - bioaccumulation -become more concentrated higher up food chain - biomagnification -they kill other species e.g. bees

Question 27

What makes an ideal pesticide

Answer 27

-species specific -biodegradable -does not cause bioaccumulation -safe to transport easy to apply

Question 28

What are the 5 pesticide methods

Answer 28

-introducing a herbivore e.g. mosquitoes -introducing a pathogenic microorganism e.g. diseases -use pheromones e.g. sec hormones are destroyed to reduce reproduction -introducing a natural predator e.g. ladybirds -introducing sterile males - mate with females but can’t reproduce

Question 29

What is aqua culture

Answer 29

Farming fish in a farm with nets

Question 30

Why is aqua culture efficient

Answer 30

It produces a lot of fish in a relatively small space

Question 31

Is aqua culture sustainable

Answer 31

YES

Question 32

What does a water pump do

Answer 32

Measure oxygen levels to make sure fish don’t die

Question 33

What do pesticides do

Answer 33

Kills any pests

Question 34

What does a thermometer do

Answer 34

Measures temperature

Question 35

What does a heater do

Answer 35

Warms the water

Question 36

What does chlorophyll control do

Answer 36

Controls chlorophyll to makes sure algae doesn’t kill the fish

Question 37

What do filtration units do

Answer 37

Make water clean and remove fish waste

Question 38

What do antibiotics do

Answer 38

Kill any bacterial diseases

Question 39

What does a selective breeder do

Answer 39

Allows farmers to choose which fish to breed. New fish will be too quality

Question 40

What does a feeder do

Answer 40

Drops food at certain points to help fish grow

Question 41

How is carbon released

Answer 41

-respiration -combustion -farming -volcanoes

Question 42

How is carbon removed

Answer 42

-photosynthesis sedimentation

Question 43

How is carbon transferred

Answer 43

-decomposition -eating

Question 44

Why is nitrogen important

Answer 44

To make protease e.g. DNA

Question 45

Why do plants need nitrates from the soil

Answer 45

Because the nitrogen in the air is too unreative