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A+P II midterm > lab 1 endocrine system, > Flashcards

lab 1 endocrine system, Flashcards

1
Q

Insulin

A

Decreases blood sugar by targeting body cells and causing them to “take up” glucose

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2
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

regulates calcium balance in the blood by increasing secretion from the bone and decreasing excretion in the kidneys

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3
Q

Thymus

A

The thymus has two lobes and is found in the thorax. The thymus produces the hormones thymosin, thymulin, and thymopoietins which are involved in the maturation of T lymphocytes so are important in the immune system.

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4
Q

The pituitary gland is divided into two lobes

A

the anterior pituitary gland and the posterior pituitary gland

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5
Q

hyposecretion of T4 in adults, causes sluggishness

A

Myxedema-

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6
Q

2 Types of Glands

A
  1. Endocrine (ductless) gland - secrete hormones directly into the blood or lymph (these are our topic this week)
  2. Exocrine gland - release their products at the body’s surface on to epithelial membranes via ducts
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7
Q

hypersecretion of gonadocorticoids

A

(hirsutism & masculinization occurs)

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8
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

(Hypophysis)

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9
Q

2 Major hormones of thyroid gland

A 
Thyroid hormone (TH) is actually two active hormones 
Thyroxine (T4) 
Triiodothyronine (T3) 
both function in control of metabolic rate and oxidation so effect all cell
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10
Q

Glucagon

A

increases blood glucose by stimulating the liver to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood

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11
Q

Anterior Pituitary hormones:

A

4 tropic hormones:

  • gonadotropins
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin

2 other hormones:

  • Growth hormone (GH)
  • Prolactin (PRL)
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12
Q

anterior pituitary + infundibulum

A

hypophyseal portal

primary capillary plexus
hypophyseal portal viens
secondary capillary plexus

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13
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin

A

regulates growth by regulating activity of the thyroid gland

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14
Q

Calcitonin (also called thyrocalcitonin)

A

stimulates deposition of calcium into bones

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15
Q

Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone

A

elevates metabolic, rate, causes weight loss, nervousness, weight loss, irregular heartbeat

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16
Q

The pancreas is a ____ gland and has both

A

The pancreas is a mixed gland and has both endocrine and exocrine gland cells.

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17
Q

gonadotropins

A

Stimulate the gonads
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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18
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A

Yes, it regulates growth!
has major effects on muscle and bone

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19
Q

The thyroid gland has

A

two lobes connected by the isthmus

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20
Q

organs that respond to a particular hormone

A

target organs

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21
Q

There are usually __ but the number of parathyroid glands varies between individuals

A

4

22
Q

The pituitary gland is considered the

A

master gland because it produces tropic hormones which control other glands.

23
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Secretes 3 major groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids
Cortico because they are from the cortex

  • Mineralcorticoids
  • Glucocorticoids
  • Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones)
24
Q

The major organs of the endocrine system are endocrine glands including:

A

pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes.

25
Q

Glucocorticoids-i.e.

A

Glucocorticoids-i.e.cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone which increase blood glucose during long term stress

26
Q

The endocrine system is the _____ control system of the body and works with the ________ to maintain ________

A

second, nervous system, homeostasis

27
Q

The pancreas produces two hormones that are important in regulating

A

blood glucose levels.

insulin and glucagon

28
Q

Male gonads, or testes
Produce male sex hormone

A

testosterone (also a steroid)

29
Q

posterior hormones

A

Oxytocin
stimulates uterine contractions and causes milk ejection

Antidiuretic hormone
reduces urine output and conserves water by increasing reasorption of water in the kidneys

30
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

regulates hormone production in the cortex of the adrenal gland

31
Q

which system exerts faster than the other and which one is more long term?

A

As you know the nervous system exerts fast acting but short lasting control over the body. The endocrine system, on the other hand, exerts slow acting but long lasting control.

32
Q

Posterior Pituitary Lobe is not a true

A

The posterior pituitary lobe is not a true endocrine gland and does not produce hormones, rather it stores hormones.

33
Q

diabetes insipidus

A

(hyposecretion of ADH),

34
Q

increased BP

A

hyperglycemia

35
Q

Gonadocorticoids (sex hormones)

A

i.e. androgens and some estrogens

36
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

(hyposecretion) of insulin type 1 and hyperactivity of insulin type 2

37
Q

Prolactin (PRL)

A

stimulates breast development and maintains lactation

38
Q

The endocrine system acts by

A

releasing hormones which interact with cells of target organs to cause changes in the function of those organs.

39
Q

Hypersecretion of growth hormone causes

A

gigantism in children and acromegaly in adults

40
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

cells secrete epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%)

41
Q

Mineralcorticoids-

A

Mineralcorticoids-i.e. aldosterone which regulates water and electrolyte balance, targets the kidneys

42
Q

hormones

A

(steroids or amino acid-based molecules)- chemical messengers that are released into the blood to be transported throughout the body tissues & cells, hormones stimulate or inhibit metabolic activity

43
Q

Pineal Gland

A

The pineal gland is found in the roof of the 3rd ventricle of the brain. It produces melatonin which peaks at night and makes us sleepy. Its exact endocrine function is not well understood.

44
Q

Glands are composed of

A

epithelial tissue that is modified to produce and secrete a product.

45
Q

hypoglycemia

A

(hypersecretion) of insulin
decreased BP

46
Q

The parathyroid glands are found on

A

the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

47
Q

Female gonads, or ovaries
Produce 2 steroid hormone groups:

A

estrogens
progesterone

48
Q

There are two adrenal glands, one atop of each

The adrenal glands are divided into two portions.

A

kidney
The outer portion is the cortex and the middle is the medulla.

49
Q

posterior gland + infundibulum

A

hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract

50
Q

Anterior pituitary (lobe) or

A

adenohypophysis

A+P II midterm (4 decks)

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