Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What is Protein Synthesis

Answer 1

Protein synthesis is used to make protein

Question 2

What is the protein synthesis process

Answer 2

DNA 
Transcription
mRNA
Translation
Protein

Question 3

Transcription step

Answer 3

Isolate the gene
RNA polymearase unzips DNA. Start codon (AUG)
mRNA is created by RNA polymearase (U instead of T)
DNA rezipped
Caps are put on the ends, and splicing (Intron - Taken out, Exons - Glued)
Mature mRNA leaves the nucleus

Question 4

How many nucleotides are needed to make an amino acids

Answer 4

3 nucleotides (triplets) = amino acids

Question 5

What is splicing?

Answer 5

this is a process where some code in the nucleotide molecule is removed (called introns), while the rest (exons) are then joined together so there are no gaps.

Question 6

What is mRNA?

Answer 6

messenger RNA

Question 7

What is Translation

Answer 7

Process of mRNA to proteins

uses tRNA

Question 8

What is tRNA

Answer 8

tRNA is a nucleic acid
Anti-codon (tRNA complimentary triplet)
Binds amino acids depending on mRNA codon

Question 9

Translation Steps

Answer 9

Initiation

Elongates the chain of amino acids

Question 10

Step 1 - Initiation

Answer 10

Ribosome binds to mRNA and tRNA starts anti codons

mRNA will move along Ribosome and matching tRNA anti codon will ‘deposit’ amino acid

Question 11

Step 2 - Elongation

Answer 11

Elongation builds amino acids chain

mRNA move across, to allow the next codon to be ‘read’

Question 12

Step 3 - Termination

Answer 12

Stop codon enters the ribosome and then the chain of A.A leaves the ribosome. Release factor is added to codon instead of a tRNA

Question 13

How the protein functions

Answer 13

Before the protein can function it has to go through different steps
Folding into the correct shape
Processing (certain amount of aa)
Where it is located (moved to)
Combination (proteins can bond to be used for different things)