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MacBook Orange: LEC > Mac 1: Post > Flashcards

Mac 1: Post Flashcards

1
Q

All residents of a far flung municipality in Palawan was treated for Filariasis a tissue nematode which seemingly increasing in prevalent cases.
What type of treatment method was shown?

Selective
Preventive Chemotherapy
Universal
Targeted

A

-Universal

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2
Q

What type of transmission is shown when parasite crosses the placental barrier during pregnancy?

Vertical Transmission
Transmission
Direct Transmission
Transmission

A

-Vertical Transmission

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3
Q

Parasitic amoeba maybe carried by houseflies in their legs and may contaminate food which may cause transmission.
In this example, what type of relationship is exhibited ?

Commensalism
Phoresis
Parasitism
Mutualism

A

-Phoresis

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4
Q

A parasitic nematode needs to develop inside its host intestine to mature sexually, yet sometimes adult nematodes which can naturally be found in the intestinal tract can enter the common bile duct or in the appendix.
What classification/s of Endoparasite is/are being described?

Incidental Parasite
Obligate and Accidental
Obligate Parasite
Facultative and Accidental
Obligate and Aberrant
A

-Obligate and Accidental

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5
Q

What WBC usually increases when parasites invade host tissues?

Monocyte
Eosinophil
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte

A

-Eosinophil

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6
Q

Trichomoniasis is a parasitic infection usually transmitted through sexual intercourse.
What type of transmission is shown here?

Vertical Transmission
Transmission
Direct Transmission
Transmission

A

-Direct Transmission

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7
Q

What type of symbiotic relationship is shown, when one species benefits and harms the other?

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Phoresis

A

-Parasitism

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8
Q

What type of host where it harbors the asexual stage of the parasite and there is no maturation to adult?

Reservoir Host
Definitive Host
Paratenic Host
Intermediate Host

A

-Intermediate Host

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9
Q

Trypanosoma spp. are blood flagellates which is very difficult to create specific antibodies since these parasites are able to change their antigenic profile which gives the immune system difficulty to produce humoral response.
What type of parasite evasion is being described?

Immune Suppression
Antigenic Variation
Resistance to Immune Response
Intracellular Sequestration

A

-Antigenic Variation

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10
Q

School aged children in a certain municipality was subjected for deworming due to prevalent cases of Ascariasis.
What type of treatment method was described?

Selective
Preventive Chemotherapy
Universal
Targeted

A

-Targeted

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11
Q

In what instance an Endoparasite is to be considered as Coelozoic parasite?

When the parasite inhabits the nervous system
When the parasite inhabits the muscular system
When the parasite inhabits the lumen of hollow organs
When the parasite inhabits the dermis of the skin

A

-When the parasite inhabits the lumen of hollow organs

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12
Q

What is the common source of infection?

Animals
Contaminated soil and water
Food
Vector

A

-Contaminated soil and water

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13
Q

Nematodes like Hookworms tends to cause chronic blood loss and eventual leads to Iron deficiency anemia.
What classic effect of parasite to the host, is shown?

Nutrient Deprivation
Immune Suppression
Invasion and Destruction
Parasitic Enzymes

A

-Nutrient Deprivation

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14
Q

What type of vector is described when it only transports the parasite?

Phoretic Vector
True Vector
Biological Vector
Essential Vector

A

-Phoretic Vector

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15
Q

Which of the following is not a primary defense of the host against parasites?

The Skin and Mucous Membrane
Saliva and Breast milk with IgA
Neutrophils and Monocytes
Peristalsis, and Urination

A

-Neutrophils and Monocytes

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16
Q

What do we call a host that harbors a particular pathogen without manifesting any signs and symptoms?

Reservoir Host
Carrier
Pathogenic Host
Definitive Host

A

-Carrier

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17
Q

Infestation is the term used when there is invasion and parasitism of what type of parasite?

Endoparasite
Free-Living
Erratic
Ectoparasite

A

-Ectoparasite

18
Q

When parasites considered are protozoans, What specific field of Medical Parasitology is involved?

Medical Protozoology
Diagnostic Helminthology
Medical Helminthology
Diagnostic Protozoology

A

-Medical Protozoology

19
Q

When a parasitic disease permanently reduces to zero incidence worldwide this is epidemiological called as?

Elimination
Reduction
Eradication

A

-Eradication

20
Q

What is determined in Egg reduction rate?

Percentage of individuals in a population infected and cured.
Percentage of positively known subjects to be egg negative.
Percentage found in egg comes after deworming.
Difference of stool count before and after deworming.

A

-Percentage fall in egg counts after deworming

21
Q

What type of life cycle requires only a single host to complete its development?

Indirect Life Cycle
Single Host Life Cycle
Direct Life Cycle
Multiple Host Life Cycle

A

-Direct Life Cycle

22
Q

What stage in a parasite’s life cycle is responsible of infecting its host?

Detectable Stage
Infective Stage
Evidence Stage
Diagnostic Stage

A

-Infective Stage

23
Q

What stage in a parasite’s life cycle is usually detected microscopically or macroscopically which determine if the host has the parasite?

Detectable Stage
Infective Stage
Evidence Stage
Diagnostic Stage

A

-Diagnostic stage

24
Q

What host classification when it harbors the parasite and becomes the potential source of transmission to humans?

Reservoir Host
Carrier
Pathogenic Host
Definitive Host

A

-Reservoir Host

25
Q

What is being described when an infected individual itself becomes his/her own direct source of infection?

Autoinfection
Hyperinfection
Reinfection
Superinfection

A

-Autoinfection

26
Q

What do we call the period between infection and acquisition of the parasite and evidence of infection?

Incubation Period
Clinical Incubation Period
Biologic Incubation Period
Patent Period

A

-Biologic Incubation Period

27
Q

G. lamblia is capable of acquiring antigenic molecules similar to the host, which of the following parasitic evasion mechanism is shown?

Resistance to immune response
Immune Suppression
Antigenic Variation
Host Mimicry

A

-Host Mimicry

28
Q

What do we call the process of inoculating of the infectious agent in the the host?

Exposure
Carrier
Pathogen
Infection

A

-Exposure

29
Q

What parameter is determined when the effect of drug against an infective agent in a particular host?

Effectiveness
Efficacy
Coverage
Drug Resistance

A

-Effectiveness

30
Q

When an endoparasite, is in its free living form and passes only through the digestive tract without infecting its host is classified as?

Temporary Parasite
Incidental Parasite
Spurious Parasite
Aberrant Parasite

A

-Spurious Parasite

31
Q

CD4 Lymphocytes and Plasma cells are cells involve in what immune response?

Both Innate and Immune Response
Acquired Immune-Cell Mediated
Innate Immune Response
Acquired Immune-Antibody Mediated

A

-Acquired Immune-Antibody Mediated

32
Q

Balantidium coli is a ciliate protozoan commonly infecting pigs, yet due to unsanitary practices it is also known to infect humans.
Humans can be classified as what type of host?

Accidental Host
Definitive Host
Paratenic Host
Intermediate Host

A

-Accidental Host

33
Q

How do we classify when a parasite can be both in a free-living state but can also become parasitic when it needs to?

Spurious Parasite
Facultative Parasite
Accidental Parasite
Obligate Parasite

A

-Facultative Parasite

34
Q

Patient with Sickle cell anemia was known to have resistance with Plasmodium falciparum infection due to the sickle shaped RBCs which inhibits parasite entry.
Which of the following factor is responsible to this outcome?

Genetic Makeup
Immune Processes
Nutritional Status
Parasite Infectivity

A

-Genetic Makeup

35
Q

It is an arbitrary act of two different organisms living in close association with each other which may show disadvantage or advantage to either or both species?

Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Symbiosis
Phoresis
A

-Symbiosis

36
Q

What characteristics of parasites is exhibited when it only infects a limited range of host species.

Hyperparasitism
Parasitic Trophicity
Host Specificity
Parasitic Attraction

A

-Host Specificity

37
Q

Which of the following is not part of Environmental Sanitation?

Planning or organizing activities to limit vector or intermediate hosts propagation.
Provision of safe drinking water.
Safe disposal and hygienic management of human and animal excreta .
Safe and healthy working conditions.

A

-Planning or organizing activities to limit vector or intermediate hosts propagation.

38
Q

Trichomaniasis is a disease cause by a tissue nematodes invading straited muscles of its mammalian host
What example of effect of parasite to host is shown?

Nutrient Deprivation
Immune Suppression
Invasion and Destruction
Parasitic Enzymes

A

-Invasion and Destruction

39
Q

What is referred to the epidemiologic measure of burden of infection related to the number of worms per infected person?

Cumulative Prevalence
Cure Rate
Worm Burden
Prevalence Rate
Egg reduction Rate
A

-Worm Burden

40
Q

Fill in the Blanks

What do we call when the parasite establishes itself outside the host?

A

-Infestation

MacBook Orange: LEC (8 decks)

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