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BIOSCI 107 > L2 - Epithelia > Flashcards

L2 - Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

Cytosol

A

Liquid of cytoplasm

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2
Q

Metastasis

A

Spread

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3
Q

Goblet cell

A

Modified columnar cell that fills up with mucus (creating a bulge) and aids lubrication of material that passes across the apical surface

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4
Q

Keratin

A

Tough, fibrous, intracellular protein that helps protect skin and underlying tissues from heat, microbes, and chemicals

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5
Q

Epithelia key functions

A
  • selective barriers (limit/aid transfer)
  • secretory (onto surfaces/into ducts)
  • protective (especially from abrasion)
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6
Q

Microfilaments function

A
  • alters cell shape
  • strength
  • muscle contraction
  • bundles beneath cell membrane/cytoplasm
  • links cytoplasm to membrane
  • tie cells together
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7
Q

Intermediate filament function

A
  • strength

- transport materials through cytoplasm

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8
Q

Tight junction locations in body

A

Stomach, intestine, bladder

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9
Q

Desmosome junction location

A

Skin epithelium, cardiac cells of heart (to prevent pulling apart) - binds muscle cells

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10
Q

Gap junction locations

A

Heart, nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, uterus

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11
Q

Tight junction composition

A

Sealing strands of transmembrane proteins join cytoskeleton of adjacent cells

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12
Q

Desmosome keratin

A

Keratin spans from one desmosome to another on other side of cell - structural integrity

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13
Q

Gap junction connection

A

Direct connection between cells

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14
Q

Tight function features

A
  • electrochemically tight (no ions)
  • keeps cell polarity (migration of proteins between apical and basal surfaces prevented)
  • sealed passageways between adjacent cells (no leaking contents)
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15
Q

Adherens junction features

A
  • prevents cell separation from tension forces in contractions
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16
Q

Desmosome junction features

A
  • resist shearing forces
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17
Q

Gap junction features

A
  • communication (chemical/electrical signals, nerve/muscle impulses)
  • molecule transportation (ions, NAD, ATP, small parts of DNA, RNA)
  • some waste/nutrient transfer (in eye lens/cornea)
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18
Q

Hemidesmosome junction features

A
  • stops cells from sliding around
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19
Q

Junctional complex

A

Combo of tight, adherens, desmosome

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20
Q

Basal lamina composition

A

Collagen, laminin, other proteoglycans, glycoproteins

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21
Q

Reticular lamina composition

A

Fibronectin, collagen

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22
Q

Basement membrane functions

A

1) support epithelium
2) provide surface for epithelial cells to migrate during growth and wound healing
3) act as physical barrier (restricts larger molecules to pass/invasion by melanoma)
4) participates in filtration of substances in kidney

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23
Q

Covering/lining epithelia composition

A

Often have secretory cells scattered in them

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24
Q

Outer covering examples

A

Skin, some internal organs

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25
Q

Inner lining examples

A

Blood vessels, ducts, body cavities, interior of respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive systems

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26
Q

Simple. Function

A

Diffusion/osmosis, secretion, absorption, filtration

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27
Q

Stratified. Function

A

Protective, (limited secretion and absorption)

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28
Q

Pseudo-stratified function

A

Secretion, (absorption, protection)

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29
Q

Squamous function

A

Diffusion

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30
Q

Cuboidal function

A

Secretion, absorption

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31
Q

Columnar function

A

Secretion, absorption

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32
Q

Transitional shape change

A

Stratified: cuboidal to squamous

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33
Q

Simple squamous features

A

Most delicate

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34
Q

Simple squamous functions

A

Filtration, diffusion, secretion

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35
Q

Simple squamous subtypes

A

Mesothelium, endothelium

36
Q

Mesothelium locations

A
  • Serous membrane: Pericardial, pleural, peritoneal (abdominal)
  • bowman’s capsule in kidneys
37
Q

Endothelium locations

A

Insides of heart, lumen of blood and lymphatic vessels, alveoli, glomerulus of kidney

38
Q

Simple cuboidal function

A

Secretion, absorption

39
Q

Simple cuboidal locations

A

Pancreas ducts, parts of kidney tubules, smaller ducts of many glands, secretory chambers of thyroid, anterior surface of lens, pigmented epithelium at posterior of retina, secretory part of some glands like thyroid

40
Q

Simple columnar features

A
  • more cytoplasm thus more organelles

- more metabolically active than squamous

41
Q

Simple columnar subtypes

A

Ciliated, non-ciliated

42
Q

Non-ciliated simple columnar locations

A

Gut mucosa from stomach to anus, ducts of glands, gallbladder

43
Q

Non-ciliated simple columnar features

A

Microvilli, goblet cells

44
Q

Non-ciliated simple columnar function

A

Secretion, lubrication, absorption

45
Q

Ciliated simple columnar locations

A

Some bronchioles, uterine Fallopian tubes, some paranasal sinuses, central canal of spinal cord, ventricles of brain

46
Q

Ciliated simple columnar features

A

Goblet cells

47
Q

Ciliated simple columnar function

A

Move things along

48
Q

Stratified squamous appearance

A

Cells of lower layers could be cuboidal/columnar but the top layer has squamous cells

49
Q

Stratified squamous location (general)

A

areas with severe mechanical/chemical stress
- some apical cells are packed with keratin in these areas (+ with dehydration issues) to provide tough/waterproof surface

50
Q

Stratified squamous features

A

Cells furthest from nutrition (squamous) are thinner, and less metabolically active

51
Q

Stratified squamous subtypes

A

Keratinised, non-keratinised

52
Q

Keratinised stratified squamous location

A

Skin

53
Q

Keratinised stratified squamous function

A

Protection from abrasion, UV, water loss, microbes, require secretion from glands

54
Q

Non-keratinised stratified squamous functions

A

Protection from abrasion, UV, water loss, microbes, require secretion from glands

55
Q

Non-keratinised stratified squamous locations

A

Mouth, throat, tongue, oesophagus, anus, vagina, part of pharynx/epiglottis

56
Q

Stratified cuboidal locations

A

Ducts of adult sweat glands, esophageal glands, male urethra

57
Q

Stratified cuboidal function

A

Protection, limited secretion and absorption

58
Q

Stratified columnar appearance

A

Basal layers in stratified columnar epithelium usually consist of shortened, irregularly shaped cells; only apical layer has columnar cells

59
Q

Stratified columnar locations

A

Part of urethra, some large gland ducts (oesophageal glands), anal mucosal membrane, part of conjunctiva of the eye

60
Q

Stratified columnar function

A

Protection, secretion

61
Q

Stratified transitional example + function

A

Bladder (some parts of ureter/urethra)
- Allows urinary organs to stretch and maintain protective lining while holding variable amounts of fluid without rupturing

62
Q

Pseudo-stratified columnar subtypes

A

Ciliated, non-ciliated

63
Q

Ciliated Pseudo-stratified columnar location

A

Most upper airways

64
Q

Ciliated Pseudo-stratified columnar features

A

Cilia on some cells, mucus secreted/moved by goblet cells

65
Q

Non-ciliated Pseudo-stratified columnar locations

A

Larger ducts of glands, epididymis, part of male urethra

66
Q

Non-ciliated Pseudo-stratified columnar features

A

No cilia, no goblet cells

67
Q

Non-ciliated Pseudo-stratified columnar function

A

Absorption, protection

68
Q

Glandular epithelia function

A

Secretion

69
Q

Endocrine glandular epithelia secretion pathway

A

Directly into blood usually via traversing interstitial fluid

70
Q

Endocrine glandular epithelia examples

A

All parts of endocrine system

71
Q

Endocrine glandular epithelia effect

A

Generally distant, strong effects (distributed by bloodstream)

72
Q

Exocrine glandular epithelia secretion pathway

A

Secrete into ducts that empty onto surfaces of covering/lining epithelium

73
Q

Exocrine glandular epithelia examples

A

Sweat/salivary glands (empty into mouth cavity), oil glands, wax glands, pancreas (empty into small intestines)

74
Q

Exocrine glandular epithelia effect

A

Generally local effects

75
Q

Singular gland cells

A

Mucous cells

76
Q

Apical cytoplasm of mucous cells

A

Filled with large secretory vesicles

77
Q

Simple tubular examples

A

Intestinal glands

78
Q

Simple coiled tubular examples

A

Merocrine sweat glands

79
Q

Simple branched tubular examples

A

Gastric glands, mucous glands of esophagus, tongue, duodenum

80
Q

Simple alveolar examples

A

Stage in the embryonic development of simple branched glands

81
Q

Simple branched alveolar examples

A

Sebaceous (oil) glands

82
Q

Compound tubular examples

A

Mucous glands (in mouth), bulbo-urethral glands (in male reproductive system), seminiferous tubules of testes

83
Q

Compound alveolar examples

A

Mammary glands

84
Q

Compound tubuloalveolar examples

A

Salivary glands, glands of respiratory passages, pancreas

85
Q

Epithelia features (general)

A
  • contains nerves

- avascular (nutrient/waste exchange by diffusion from vessels in connective tissue)

86
Q

Serous membrane/serosa

A

Outer lining of organs and body cavities of the abdomen and chest

87
Q

Stratified transitional appearance

A

Variable appearance based on tissue’s state of stretch

  • not stretched = stratified cuboidal
  • stretched = flat/squamous
  • relaxed = outer layer has large, rounded scallop shape

BIOSCI 107 (15 decks)

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