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SOC 100 > Socialization > Flashcards

Socialization Flashcards

1
Q

How is the self a big business?

A
  • people making money off the fact that so many people are unhappy with themselves and want to change
  • the self-help industry is a big business eg: books, workshops, yoga, resort retreats
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2
Q

How is the formation and transformation of the self a major site of social inequalities?

A
  • people’s self is very different when raised in poverty vs raised in the upper class (feeling cared for vs feeling neglected)
  • if you are older and discontent, the rich are able to go to self-improvement resorts, access therapy, etc while the poor cannot?
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3
Q

What is socialization?

A
  • an ongoing process that helps share an individual; who is able to function in society
  • intense in childhood and even old age
  • involves people being socialized as well as the people and agents who carry out the socialization
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4
Q

What do we mean by an individual who is able to “function in society”

A

-is an individual who understands and can perform the roles they need to perform eg: caregiver, mother, father, student

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5
Q

What is a social role?

A
  • the roles that a member of society has to play in their social interactions eg: father, neighbor, patient, elderly person, boss, employee, drug dealer, criminal, etc
  • everyone has a basic level of socialization to prepare for their new roles eg: idea of language, hierarchy, notion of school
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6
Q

Who does socialization affect?

A
  • everyone, it is a lifelong process
  • adolescents, adults, seniors, immigrants (re-socialization)
  • once socialized can also choose not to participate and can deviate from what is taught
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7
Q

What are the agents of socialization?

A
  • families (most important b/ formative years of someone’s life)
  • schools (implicit things eg: hierarchy, obedience, social skills, nationalization, morals, measures of worth)
  • peer groups
  • mass media
  • religious institutions
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8
Q

How is socialization classed?

A
  • there is a separate working-class culture and upper-class culture
    eg: upper-class kids are more likely to politely contest authority
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9
Q

How can socialization be violent?

A

eg: concentration camps in a war

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10
Q

Are we born a blank slate or are we born social? What would Cooley and Mead say?

A

-nature and nurture act together and overlap, the space between them is a “mirage”

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11
Q

Does re-socialization have to involve the breakdown of ur whole previous identity?

A

No, can be more subtle, like transitioning from high school to university

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12
Q

What are mirror neurons?

A
  • neurons designed to allow you to connect with others, it is the basis of empathy
  • the brain mirrors the movements it sees (humans learn by looking and copying) eg: when you see faces, it activates the same part of the brain as if you were making a face yourself eg: when you see happy faces, the happy part of the brain is activated
  • are involuntary responses eg: wincing during violent movie scenes
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13
Q

What would life without human contact look like? Does Genie have a self or mind? Is she socialized?

A
  • language is a pre-requ to the self, she didn’t have interaction so she permanently lost the ability to have language (has no thoughts or internal communication)
  • sense of self is determined through interactions, therefore she would have a very rudimentary mind and sense of self
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14
Q

What is attachment theory?

A
  • care, social stimulation, and affection are crucial in infancy
  • the importance of close, intimate contact with the mother
  • babies are passive (don’t realize they are apart from the mother), they receive attention from their mother and follow cues
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15
Q

What was the WHO report on maternal care and how does it relate to attachment theory?

A

-emphasized the importance of babies spending time with their mothers, which let to policies like maternal leave

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16
Q

What are some examples of people being able to be biologically social?

A
  • ASD
  • psychopaths
  • brain damage
  • are often highly stigmatized in society, imprisoned, sent to mental facilities, etc
17
Q

What was an experiment that gave evidence to support attachment theory?

A
  • monkeys favored cozy doll rather than the doll with the milk
  • have an innate want to be held, cozy, and cared for
  • grew up with social issues as a result of growing up without a mother
18
Q

What is so fundamental about mirror neurons?

A
  • gives evidence for the fact that we are born with the biological potential to be social (but we are not born socialized)
  • this then enables us to go through the actual process of socialization, which occurs through our interactions with others
19
Q

What are the implications of Attachment Theory?

A
  • changes in policies regarding adoptions, foster care, hospital stays
  • the role of the mother overemphasized? (gender roles)
20
Q

What are some of the critiques of attachment theory?

A
  • feminist scholars argue that child-rearing and child nurturing is not the “natural” domain of mothers (leads to the establishment of gender roles)
  • other attachment theorists endorse that children need to have close emotional attachments with at least one other human to develop socially and emotionally, but this does not have to be with the mother
21
Q

What is the theory of intersubjectivity?

A
  • babies are the active participants in the process of socialization, they interact with the caregivers
  • through early social interactions, the infant is able to learn the patterns of human behavior
22
Q

Under intersubjectivity theory, what do children learn between 7-9 months?

A
  • the infant has learned that individuals can share the same feelings and intentions
  • “intersubjectivity” according to Stern refers to how infants become aware of the fact that others can think and feel as they do
23
Q

Explain how intersubjective development occurs across a spectrum?

A
  • occurs across a spectrum between mutuality and separateness (Jennifer Benjamin)
  • kids are not passive acceptors of attention, as they grow older also want separateness
  • ability to separate from the caregiver, babies can participate in interactions eg: holding out hands to be picked up, throwing tantrums, and going rigid
24
Q

How can socialization suppress the inate?

A
  • often suppresses some of our instincts, desires, or tendencies that are not socially acceptable such as gender expression or sexual orientation
  • can suppress “affects” that are not socially desirable such as aggression in women or tenderness in men, homosexuality, etc
25
Q

How does socialization enable some innate tendencies?

A

-can encourage some desires and tendencies such as kindness, competitiveness, etc

26
Q

How do children become consumers?

A
  • socialized to do be consumers from a young age
  • eg: every tv show for kids is commercialized and has their own merchandise
  • eg: stuff for kids is on the bottom shelves

SOC 100 (4 decks)

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