Ch. 104-108 Thorax and CV Flashcards
which lung lobes, left or right, project more cranially?
the left cranial lung lobes project slightly more cranially and may even project cranial to the first ribs during inspiration
where do the intercostal arteries come from?
the first 3-4 are branches of the thoracic vertebral artery and the remainder are branches of the aorta
what is typically the best approach to the trachea and esophagus?
a RIGHT intercostal approach
animals with a PRAA still best to come in from the left
which side of the pleural cavity, right or left, is larger?
the right pleural cavity is larger than the left because of leftward displacement of the caudal mediastinal wall
The left pleural cupula is larger than the right and extends farther cranially
what is the pulmonary ligament?
a triangular fold of relatively avascular pleura on each side of the respective caudal lung lobe
on the left and right, it extends approximately a few cm caudal to the large caudal pulmonary vein (and accessory lung lobe on the right) and reflects onto the dorsal mediastinal pleura
what is the mediastinal recess?
it is formed by the plica vena cavae
the dorsal opening encompasses the accessory lung lobe
what is the blood supply to the parietal pleura?
intercostal, diaphragmatic, pericardial arteries
drained by the azygous and internal thoracic veins
what is the blood supply to the visceral pleura
supplied by lower pressure pulmonary circulation - pulmonary and bronchial arteries
drained via bronchial veins
what is the functional residual capacity
the volume of air remaining in the lung at the end of normal exhalation
about 45 ml/kg
what is tidal volume?
the summation of air within functional alveoli and dead space
which is higher? the hydrostatic pressure pressure gradient across the parietal pleura between the systemic circulation and pleural space or across the visceral pleura between the pulmonary capillaries and pleural space?
the hydrostatic pressure across the parietal pleura between the systemic circulation and pleural space
which is greater? the osmotic pressures of the systemic and pulmonary vascular beds or those of the intrapleural fluid?
the systemic and pulmonary vascular beds
what is the dominant coronary artery in dogs? in cats?
in dogs, the dominant coronary artery is the left
in cats, it is the right
where does the great coronary vein originate from?
the paraconal interventricular groove –> runs parallel to the paraconal branch of the left coronary artery before turning and coursing with the circumflex branch in the AV groove
The great coronary vein drains into the coronary sinus, which empties into the right atrium
what supplies the pericardium
the pericardicophrenic arteries, which come from the internal thoracic, and also course with the phrenic nerves
the nervous supply is parasympathetic and sympathetic - the sympathetic fibers are carried by the ventrolateral and ventro medial cervical cardiac nerves
