cell cycle

Question 1

what is binary fission

Answer 1

an organism duplicates its genetic material, and then divides into two parts (cytokinesis), with each new organism receiving one copy of DNA.

Question 2

process of binary fission

Answer 2

DNA replication
Cell elongation
Septum formation
Cell division

Question 3

mitosis

Answer 3

process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells that occurs when a parent cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells

Question 4

stages of mitosis in order

Answer 4

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 5

prophase

Answer 5

chromosomes attach to spindle fibres by their centromeres
early:
chromosomes coil and condense
nuclear envelope present
nucleolus evident
late:
chromosomes visible as two chromatids joined by a centromere
nuclear envelope disappears
nucleolus disappears
spindle fibres form
and the centrioles form and migrate to opposite poles of the cell

Question 6

metaphase

Answer 6

chromatids pulled to equator/metaphase plate

• centriole grow spindle fibres
• spindle fibres attach to the centromere
• chromosomes pulled to equator

Question 7

anaphase

Answer 7

sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell

• spindle fibres contract
• centromere divides
• each half of the cell receives one chromatid from each chromosome

Question 8

telophase

Answer 8

-chromatids reach poles of the spindle
-chromatids uncoil and become less distinct
nuclear envelope starts to reform

Question 9

stages of interphase

Answer 9

Gap 1(g1)
Synthesis(s)
Gap 2(g2)

Question 10

G1

Answer 10

cell growth

organelle and protein synthesis

Question 11

S

Answer 11

DNA replication (each of the 46)
chromosomes make exact copies of themselves (chromatids)

Question 12

G2

Answer 12

cell double checks the duplicated chromosomes for error, making any needed repairs

Question 13

Cytokinesis animal

Answer 13

begins with the membrane and cytoplasm ‘pinching in on itself’, the formation of a cleavage furrow, and the eventual split into two identical daughter cells.

Question 14

apoptosis

Answer 14

programmed cell death

Question 15

cytokinesis plant

Answer 15

involves the formation of a cell plate, which separates and grows to eventually split the plant cell into two identical daughter cells