Public Speaking Organization and Language Unit Quit(AT) Flashcards
What is the order to organize?
- Prepare the body of your speech.
- Develop an introduction.
- Develop a conclusion.
What are the main points to prepare the body of your speech?
- Main points should be specific.
- Main points should be vivid.
- Main points should be parallel.
- Main points should be meaningful complete sentences.
What are the 9 patterns or ways to organize your speech or main points?
- Topical
- Chronological
- Process
- Spatial
- Pro-Con Organization
- Casual
- Logical Reasons
- Problem/Solutions
- Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
What are the steps to Monroe’s Motivated Sequence?
- Attention
- Need
- Satisfaction
- Visualization
- Action
What are the 6 goals of the introduction?
- To gain the listener’s attention
- To motivate them to listen
- To establish yourself as knowledgeable about the topic
- To set the tone for the speech
- To create a bond of good will between the speaker and audience
- Leads into the content of a speech and previews the major ideas of the speech
What are the 10 ways to gain attention in the introduction?
- Ask a Rhetorical Question
- Provide a Vivid Description or Example
- Begin with a Quotation and cite it.
- Use an Audio or Visual Aid
- Tell a Joke or a Funny story - don’t joke if your speech is of serious nature.
- Refer to a Current Event
- Begin with a Demonstration
- Start with a Startling Statement or Number
- Use Suspense
- Compliment the audience
What are the 4 goals of the conclusion?
- To signal the end
- To summarize the main points and to wrap up the speech so that it reminds the audience of what you have said
- To refer back to the introduction
- To end with impact so to hit home so that the audience will remember your words or consider your appeal
What are the 8 ways to end the speech with impact?
- Use a strong personal story
- End with humor
- Ask a thought-provoking question
- Use a quotation and cite it
- Issue a challenge
- Appeal to action
- Use emotion
- Tie the subject to a larger cultural theme or value
What are connectives?
Connectives are words, phrases, and sentences that lead from one idea to another and tie the various parts of the speech together smoothly.
What do signposts do?
They help your listeners orient themselves to their place in your speech. Words such as first, now, and finally introduce each new point and let your listeners sense the flow of your ideas.
What are transitions?
Sentences that summarize where you have been and where you are going in the speech. Transitions can lead from introduction to main points and then to conclusion.
What are the 3 characteristics of language?
- Language is symbolic
- Language is subjunctive
- Language is rule-governed
What are the 4 rules of language?
- Phonological Rules = sound
- Syntactic Rule = structure
- Semantic Rules = meaning
- Pragmatic Rules = appropriate interpretation
What are the 4 Kinds of Language You Use?
- Technical = relates to a particular, specialized subject.
- Regional Terms = speech particular to a certain geographical area.
- Culture Terms = related to ethnic, religious, or social background of people.
- Slang = informal, nonstandard language, unique to a specific group of people.
What are ways to improve verbal communication?
- Use concrete vs. abstract words.
- Be courteous and use empathy.
- Get knowledgeable & be able to speak on a number of topics.
- Learn to enjoy conversations & communication.
- Use ‘I’ Language vs. ‘You’ Language.
