G-3 Build Footing and Vertical Formwork

Question 1

Fottings

Answer 1

at the base of foundation walls there is a footing. they must be accurately placed and level to make rest of build easier.

Question 2

Three types of simple footings

Answer 2

1. trenched
2. partially trenched
3. fully formed

Question 3

Footing latters

Answer 3

simple way to form footings. boards held together by cleats. assembled and then connected to form footprint of building.

Question 4

Continuous strip footings

Answer 4

footings that support a foundation wall are usually continuous

Question 5

Keyways

Answer 5

placing a beveled 2x4 blockout into the footing that is removed to leave a small channel.

Question 6

Steel stakes

Answer 6

perfect if the ground is solid. keep forms from moving and can be used to set height of footing

Question 7

Column Footings

Answer 7

footings for small columns are usually rectangular boxes made from 2” material and are pre build using wrap “around technique”

Question 8

Tapered pier footings

Answer 8

pressure from concrete always pushes outwards on forms. these forms need to be weighted down to resist upward push

Question 9

Bearing on soil Raft slab

Answer 9

The most common type of raft slab is used to spread the weight of the building somewhat evenly over the entire footprint

Question 10

Bearing on piles

Answer 10

raft foundations can be set on piles instead of soil if drilling to them makes sense.

Question 11

Floating foundations

Answer 11

Deep raft and concrete foundation walls displace enough soil by weight to equal the weight of the building placed on the foundation.

Question 12

Mass slab foundation

Answer 12

Mass slab footing is a heavy block of concrete used to anchor down a tall building.

Question 13

Pile Foundations

Answer 13

Are used when the soil bearing capacity is insufficient to carry the required loads. “deep foundations” are used that have piles or caissons going down deep to bedrock. can be driven in vertically or on and angle to protect against seismic or wind events

Question 14

Caisson.

Answer 14

larges hollow concrete sections are driven with pile driving equipment

Question 15

Bearing piles

Answer 15

consist of different materials such as wood and steel and concrete. these extend down to bedrock or other solid soils that can withstand and support structure.

Bearing piles transfer vertical loads down to solid ground.

Question 16

Point of refusal

Answer 16

bedrock or soil that is able to withstand the loads placed upon by structure. this is a measurement of resistance against the pile driving equipment.

Question 17

Pie swelll

Answer 17

displacement of soil by the pile being driven into ground

Question 18

Pre fab forms (GANG forms)

Answer 18

these save time and money during construction. come in many forms and shapes.

Question 19

Self climbing forms

Answer 19

use tie holes or tie hardware from previous concrete placement to anchor climbing shoes and support the forms and working decks. once concrete is set then it is transferred up to next level

Question 20

Slip Forming

Answer 20

also known as “gliding formwork”, is a process where formwork moves continuously. uses very strong yokes to support wall forms. used for forming round or rectangular shapes.

Question 21

ICF (insulated concrete forms)

Answer 21

Forms are left in pace to act as insulation.

Question 22

Flat wall

Answer 22

a wall that has uniform concrete thickness over the height and width of the wall.

Question 23

ICF concrete wall thickness is specified based on?

Answer 23

backfill height. and the amount of rebar used.

Question 24

Plywood forming systems

Answer 24

standard 4x8 ply used
12” increments for holes is common
normally paper-faced produces a good look after form is stripped.

Question 25

Wall form Corners

Answer 25

built and assembled first. usually required extra reinforcements (corner clamps). must be plum and level

Question 26

Setting up panels

Answer 26

begins at the corners, once they are braced and plumb the rest of the full panels are installed. make sure they are tight together to prevent leakage

then whalers and ties/ bracing is installed to complete outside wall form.

Question 27

Gang form construction

Answer 27

forms are lifted and moved by a crane and used again and again. these use fewer form ties and have heavier studs and walers.

Question 28

ALuma beam system

Answer 28

works well for gang forms because they are very strong light and easy to connect together.

Question 29

Moving two gang panels at once

Answer 29

this is a fast way of concrete corming where both sides of a form can be rigged up and moved at the same time. the use of a spreader bar so that the strings are straig

Question 30

why must you have a spreader bar when moving gang forms.

Answer 30

so that the ropes fall vertically and do not pull the strong backs together.

Question 31

Concrete strength

Answer 31

cast in place concrete members will not reach their fill strength until 28 days after the concrete is placed.

Question 32

removal procedure of cast in place concrete

Answer 32

1. cast in place concrete must not be subjected to loads for 28 days
2. forms of walls must be left for 7 days
3. forms for beam girders and soffets left for
   14 days if less then 20 feet
   bigger then 20 feet 21 days
   slabs 28 days
4. time above are minimim
5. remove forms carefully
6. limit loads until this time has passed

Question 33

Pre mature stripping can cause

Answer 33

can cause spalling: pulling out chunks of concrete