Determinism Flashcards
what is hard determinism?
the view that all choices are determined by other events or cations prior to the choice
what is apparent free will?
humans are only able to make a choice believing they made it by free choice but it had actually been pre determined
what is universal causation?
the belief that all human choices and actions and have a past cause
what is philosophical determinism?
theory based on universal causation (taken by John Locke)
what phrase did Locke coin?
“free will is just an illusion”, because moral agents believe they have free will, however that is just the result of universal causation
what is the analogy of the man in a locked room (Locke)
a man wakes up in a room, he stays there believing he is free to choose. in reality he has no option as the room is locked. gives the illusion of freedom.
what is the meaning of the locked room analogy?
that free will is an illusion, we think we have free will but our actions are already determined
what is psychological determinism?
associated with Ivan pavlov and thought of behaviourism
what work is pavlov associated with?
classic conditioning
what was pavlov dogs experiment?
dogs produced saliva when food was produced.
pavlov rang a bell every time he fed the dogs, so the dogs associated the bell with the food. one time the bells was rang but with no food and the dogs salivated.
what was the result of pavlovs dogs experiment?
the dogs had been conditioned into salivating to the ring of a bell
how did John Watson further pavlovs work?
attempted the same conditioning on humans.
he took a baby and played a round noise to make it cry then showed it a rat. Watson eventually showed the rat but with no noise the baby cried. it had been conditioned to cry at a rat
what was the take away from the experiments by pavlov and watson?
all moral agents actions are determined by their own unique environmental conditioning
what is an internal cause?- soft determinism
a choice that is made for themselves but determined by conditioning and genetics
what is an external cause?-soft determinism
those actions we are forced to take because of external influences (forced).
