Psychology Ch.5 5:2

Question 1

acquisition

Answer 1

The initial learning phase in both classical and operant conditioning.

Question 2

adaptive value

Answer 2

The degree to which a trait or behavior helps an organism survive.

Question 3

biological preparedness

Answer 3

The tendency for animals to be predisposed or inclined to form certain kinds of associations through classical conditioning.

Question 4

classical conditioning

Answer 4

Learning process in which two stimuli become associated with each other; when an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to elicit an involuntary response.

Question 5

conditioned emotional response

Answer 5

An emotional reaction acquired through classical conditioning; process by which an emotional reaction becomes associated with a previously neutral stimulus.

Question 6

conditioned response (CR)

Answer 6

A learned response to a conditioned stimulus.

Question 7

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 7

A previously neutral stimulus that an organism learns to associate with an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 8

conditioned taste aversion

Answer 8

A form of classical conditioning that occurs when an organism learns to associate the taste of a particular food or drink with illness.

Question 9

extinction (classical conditioning)

Answer 9

In classical conditioning, the process by which the conditioned response decreases after repeated exposure to the conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 10

extinction (operant conditioning)

Answer 10

In operant conditioning, the disappearance of a learned behavior through the removal of its reinforcer.

Question 11

higher-order conditioning

Answer 11

With repeated pairings of a conditioned stimulus and a second neutral stimulus, that second neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus as well.

Question 12

neutral stimulus (NS)

Answer 12

A stimulus that does not cause a relevant automatic or reflexive response.

Question 13

spontaneous recovery

Answer 13

The reappearance of a conditioned response following its extinction.

Question 14

stimulus discrimination

Answer 14

The ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli sufficiently different from it.

Question 15

stimulus generalization

Answer 15

The tendency for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit the conditioned response.

Question 16

unconditioned response (UR)

Answer 16

A reflexive, involuntary response to an unconditioned stimulus.

Question 17

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 17

A stimulus that automatically triggers an involuntary response without any learning needed.