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Psych test 2 > brain > Flashcards

brain Flashcards

1
Q

brainstem

A

where spinal cord enlarges and enters the skull and becomes the brain

manages life sustaining functions

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2
Q

medulla

A

base of brainstem

  • heartbeat, respiration, blood pressure
  • swallowing, coughing, blinking
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3
Q

pons

A

relays info to cerebellum

- movement; sleep/wake/dreaming/relaxation; breathing

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4
Q

thalamus

A

top of brainstem

  • directs/transmits sensory messages (except smell) to the cortex. control centre.
  • learning and language
  • turns off to sleeo
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5
Q

reticular formations

A
  • nerve network through BS and thalamus
  • filters and relays info
  • important role in controlling arousal
  • name
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6
Q

cerebellum

A
  • back of brainstem
  • coordinates voluntary movement, coordination, balance, posture
  • processing sensory input
  • non-verbal learning and memory
  • tipsy
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7
Q

limbic system

A

border/margin between old and new brain areas

primitive: emotions, motivation, memory, houses pleasure/reward centre
learned fear responses; unpleasant, painful, dangerous, aversive stimuli

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8
Q

amygdala

A

small neural clusters that enable aggression, fear and linked to emotion

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9
Q

hypothalamus

A

regulates functions, drives (hunger, thirst, sex) + maintenance of endocrine system via pituitary gland

  • reward centers, biological clock, temperature control
  • picks up thoughts from cerebral cortex, will get glands to release hormones
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10
Q

hippocampus

A

helps process conscious, explicit memories of facts and events

forming and retrieving memories, sense of direction

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11
Q

cerebrum

A

logic, problem solving, higher cognitive functions, 85% of brains weight

covered by cerebral cortex

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12
Q

cerebral cortex

A

language memory + thinking

covers cerebrum

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13
Q

what’s grey matter?

A

somas

conducts, processes and sends into to various parts of the body

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14
Q

what’s white matter?

A

axons

interprets sensory info

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15
Q

convolutions

A

2/3 of surface area of brain is hidden in convolutions

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16
Q

the divided brain

A

lateralization: functions are specific to a side of the brain

17
Q

corpus callosum

A

a band of axon fibres that connect the brain hemispheres

18
Q

name the 4 lobes

A

frontal
temporal
parietal
occipital

19
Q

frontal lobe

A
  • conscious + higher functions
  • -thinking personality, emotions, memory, impulse control, planning
  • speech production (left side Broca’s area)
  • brocades aphasia: know what u wanna say but can’t produce the language
  • motor cortex/control; muscles related to speech
20
Q

motor cortex

A

area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements

body areas tho require precise control occupy the greatest amount of cortical space (chopsticks)

21
Q

somatosensory cortex

A

area at the front of the parietal lobes

  • body touch and movement sensations
  • the sensitivity of a body region is related to the size of the somatosensory area devoted to it
22
Q

temporal lobe

A

primary auditory cortex; perceives and recognizes sounds (language comprehension)
left lobe; wernickes area
- wernicles aphasia: fluent articulated words but nonsense
- auditory aphasia: hearing language as though its foreign

23
Q

parietal lobe

A

bodily sensations, spatial orientation, sense of direction

somatosensory cortex; touch, pain, temperature, pressure
- identifying items by touch. brail = large part at fingertips.

24
Q

occipital lobe

A

primary visual cortex - sight
each eye connects to both lobes
visual experiences and recognition

25
Q

prefrontal cortex damage

A

inability to plan ahead, impulse control, judgement, memory, personality

26
Q

parietal damage

A

mathematical and spatial reasoning

27
Q

temporal lobe

A

auditory cortex, facial recognition

28
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual cortex. vision, hallucinations

29
Q

(response to damage)
- do severed brain and spinal cord neurons repair themselves?

  • how does the brain attempt to repair itself?
A
  • dont usually repair themselves
  • some brain functions that are forever linked to specific areas are damaged at birth or never developed

brain attempts self-repair via:

  • reorganization of existing tissues
  • neurogenesis (formation of new neurons)
30
Q

plasticity

  • what?
  • how?
A

brain has the ability to change

  • especially during childhood
  • reorganizing after damage
  • building new pathways

brains are constantly changing and adjusting to new experiences

31
Q

neuroplasticity

A

brain can reorganize, re-route + restructure

new axons, longer dendrites, new synapses

especially in young children

32
Q

neurogenesis

A

formation of new neurons that can develop into healthy cells and replace or repopulate damaged cells

33
Q

phantom limb pain is caused by what

A

reorganization of somatosensory cortex

Psych test 2 (7 decks)

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