1.1.2 - 1.1.3 Kinetic Molecular Theory; States of Matter Flashcards
(19 cards)
Matter
Anything that takes up space and has a mass
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic Molecular Theory explains the physical properties of matter and changes of state.
- All matter is made up of particles that are constantly moving (kinetic energy).
- Energy is dependent on absolute temperature
- Change of energy may change state of matter
Solid (s)
A state of matter with:
- fixed shape and volume
- particles are packed tightly
Liquid (l)
A state of matter with:
- fixed volume
- no fixed shape
- particles can move past each other.
Gas (g)
A state of matter with:
- no fixed shape or volume
- particles move freely
Aqueous (aq)
substance is dissolved in water
Freezing
liquid –> solid
Melting
solid –> liquid
Condensation
gas –> liquid
Evaporation
liquid –> gas
Sublimation
solid –> gas
Deposition
gas –> solid
Differentiate vapour and gas.
Although vapour is in a gaseous state, it is generally a liquid at room temperature whilst gas is in a gaseous state at room temperature.
Endothermic Process
heat is absorbed from its surroundings when energy is required to overcome forces of attraction between particles, resulting in the temperature of the surroundings to decrease.
Exothermic Process
heat is released into its surroundings to form stronger forces of attraction between particles, resulting in the temperature of the surroundings to increase.
Kinetic Energy (KE)
½mv^2
Draw phase change diagram
refer to notes
Absolute zero
The theoretical temperature at which all particle motion would stop: 0 K or -273.15°C
ΔT(ΔC) = ΔT(K)
The magnitude of the change in temperature is the same when measured in Celsius and Kelvin.
- E.g. A temperature change 45 °C is the same as a temperature change of 45 K.
