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FMF (ME) > 112 Nuclear, biological, and chemical defense > Flashcards

112 Nuclear, biological, and chemical defense Flashcards

1
Q

Nato Chemical marker

A

front - Gas
Name of agent date and time detected
Back- Blank
yellow background red lettering

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2
Q

NATO biological marker

A

Front - BIO
Name of agent date and time detected
Back - Blank
Blue background and red lettering

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3
Q

NATO radiological Marker

A

Front - atom
Dose rate, date and time of reading, date of burst
Back blank
White background and black lettering

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4
Q

NATO chemical minefield marker

A

Front Gas mines
A chemical agent in mine, date of emplacement, front-facing away from the minefield.
back blank
red background and yellow letter with stripe

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5
Q

what mask is used to protect against chemical and biological agents

A

M40 field protective mask

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6
Q

vocal NBC alarm

A

“GAS” “GAS” “GAS”

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7
Q

Visual NBC Alarm

A

“do a Vacanti”

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8
Q

Percussion NBC alarm

A

metal on metal striking repeatedly

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9
Q

what steps do you take to Don and clear a mask

A

-stop breathing, close mouth and eyes, do not take one last breath
-clear mask with sharp exhale
-cover mask valve with palm and take a breath in to create suction on face
the mask should be donned and cleared and sealed within 9 seconds, additional 6 seconds to don the hood

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10
Q

what does MOPP stand for

A

Mission Oriented Protective Posture

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11
Q

what must be taken into consideration for MOPP levels

A

balance threat, temperature, and urgency of the mission

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12
Q

how many levels of MOPP are there

A

6

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13
Q

what is MOPP ready

A

The gas mask is carried

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14
Q

what is MOPP 0

A

marine has all MOPP gear available but not wearing it

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15
Q

what is MOPP 1

A

overgarments worn

Booties, mask, and, gloves are worn.

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16
Q

what is MOPP 2

A

overgarment and booties are worn.

Mask and gloves are carried

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17
Q

what is MOPP 3

A

overgarments, booties, and mask are worn

gloves carried

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18
Q

what is MOPP 4

A

all MOPP gear is worn

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19
Q

how long does it take for the M8 or M9 paper to detect agents

A

seconds

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20
Q

how long does it take for the M256A1 to detect agents

A

15min

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21
Q

how much and to who is M9 paper issues to

A

1 per squad

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22
Q

where is M9 paper worn

A

wrist, ankles, and biceps

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23
Q

when M9 paper comes into contact with agents what color does it turn

A

light pink to reddish-brown or violet

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24
Q

what is M8 paper issued with

A

M256A1 detector kit

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25
Q

what is M8 paper considered

A

SL-3

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26
Q

what does M8 paper turn to when in contact with agents

A

Nerve - V - Dark Green
Nerve - G - Gold/yellow
Blister - H - Pink/red

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27
Q

what are the three types of decon

A

Immediate Decon
Operational Decon
Thorough Decon

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28
Q

what is the purpose of immediate decon

A

minimize casualties, save lives, and limit the spread of contaminates

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29
Q

who is immediate decon done by

A

individuals

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30
Q

what is the purpose of operational decon

A

sustain operations
reduce contact hazards
limit the spread of contaminates

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31
Q

what two types of operational decon are there

A

vehicle wash down

MOPP gear exchange

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32
Q

what is the purpose of thorough decon

A

reduces or eliminates the need for MOPP gear

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33
Q

what are the three types of though decon

A

detailed troop decon
detailed equipment decon
detailed aircraft decon

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34
Q

what steps are taken with a nuclear attack without a weapon

A 
drop facedown behind cover 
head towards blast 
close eyes 
protect or cover skin buy bring hand near or underbody
keep helmet on
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35
Q

what steps are taken with a nuclear attack with a weapon

A

drop facedown behind cover
head towards blast
close eyes
protect or cover skin buy bring hand near or underbody
place weapon underbody sling tight around arm muzzle away from the face.
keep helmet on

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36
Q

how long do you remain down after a nucule blast

A

90 seconds

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37
Q

how long do you have to react to a chemical or bilogical attack

A

15 seconds or less.

38
Q

what do nerve agents interfere with

A

normal transmission of nerve impulses in the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system

39
Q

describe nerve agents

A

odorless
almost colorless
varying in viscosity and volatility

40
Q

what do nerve agents inhibit

A

cholinesterase

41
Q

what are signs and symptoms of never agents

A 
vapor - 
pupil dilation (pinpoint)

contact -
local muscle twitching

rhinorrhea, dyspnea, diarrhea, vomiting convulsions, hypersalivation, drowsiness, coma, unconsciousness

42
Q

what are marines and sailors issues for nerve agents

A

3 - 2mg autoinjectors of atropine

3 - 600mg 2-PAM chloride

43
Q

who long should medical personnel administer atropine

A

every 15 min until mild atropinization

44
Q

how long is the autoinjector held in place

A

at least 10 seconds

45
Q

when providing buddy aid for nerve agent injuries how is a medication administered

A

3 sets of nerve agent antidotes in succession

46
Q

Blister agents are also known as

A

vesicants

47
Q

describe the blister of blister agents

A

large and painful blisters that are incapacitating

48
Q

what are the common blister agents

A

HN - Nitrogen Mustard
HD - Mustard
L - lewisite

49
Q

who long before mustard gases show

A

12 to 48 hours

50
Q

what do Mustard gases attack

A

eyes, respiratory tract, and skin

51
Q

what is the treatment for mustard agents

A

no treatment
remove from the area
supportive treatment only to reduce itching, pain, and infection

52
Q

describe HN and HD blister agents

A

oily, colorless or pale yellow liquids and water-soluble

53
Q

what areas do mustard gasses most commonly effect

A

eyes, armpits, groin, face, and neck

54
Q

what kind of compound is Lewisite

A

Arsenical

55
Q

describe lewisite agent

A

light to dark brown liquid that vaporizes slowly

56
Q

what type of pain do lewisite cause on contact

A

intense pain

57
Q

treatment for lewisites

A
  • flush eyes
  • sodium sulfacetamide 30% solution to combat eye infection
  • British anti-lewisite, dimercaprol available in peanut oil suspension for injection
58
Q

what is the dose for British anti-lewisite, dimercaprol available in peanut oil suspension for injection

A

3mg per Kg

59
Q

what do blood agents interfere with

A

enzyme function in the body (block oxygen transfer)

60
Q

what are the common blood agents

A

AC - Hydrocytic acid

CK - cyanogen chloride

61
Q

what are Sx and Symptom of blood agents

A 
death or recovery depending on exposure
forceful depth in-breaths
violent conclusions 20-30 seconds
respitory failure 
stoppage of heart action within minutes
62
Q

what is the treatment for blood agents

A 
amyl nitrate  in crushed ampules 
sodium thiosulfate (theo-sulfate) IV
63
Q

what do blood agents smell like

A

almonds

64
Q

what is the max amount of amyl nitrate ampules

A

8

65
Q

what is the does of thiosulfate

A

100 -200 mg per kg over 9 min

66
Q

what do choking agents affect

A

lung tissue, specifically alevorea damage leading to pulmonary edema

67
Q

what are the choking agents

A

CG - phosgene
CL- chlorine
chloropicrin (clor-op-pic-krin)
diphosgene (die-fals gene)

68
Q

what is the most common choking agent

A

CL - chlorine

69
Q

what does CG- Phosgene smell like

A

new-mown hay or freshly cut gas

70
Q

what are the Signs and Symptoms of choking agents

A

watering eyes
coughing
chest tightness

71
Q

how long do Sx last of choking agent

A

2-6 hours

72
Q

what are some late symptoms of choking agents

A 
rapid, shallow, and labored breath
painful cough 
cynosis 
frothy sputum
clammy skin 
rapid pulse 
low BP
73
Q

what is the treatment for choking agents

A

mandatory bed rest

74
Q

what are incapacitating agents

A

mostly comprised of psycho-chemicals

75
Q

what do incapacitating agents produce

A

mental confusion and inability to function intelligently

76
Q

how are incapacitating agents introduced

A

food and water or released in aerosols

77
Q

what are the chartrisgics of the incapacitating agents

A

high potency
attack central nervous system
last hours or days

78
Q

how long before the onset of incapacitating agents

A

30 min to several days

79
Q

what do are signs of personnel effected by incapacitating agents

A

irrational behavior or hallucinations

80
Q

what are some symptoms of incapacitating agents

A

dizziness
muscular incoordination
dry mouth
difficulty swallowing

81
Q

what is the standard incapacitating agent in the US

A

BZ - 3 quinuclidnyl (quin-clid-nal) benzilate (benz-late)

82
Q

what type of blocking agent is BZ - 3 quinuclidnyl (quin-clid-nal) benzilate (benz-late)

A

cholinergic (call-in-er-gic)blocking agent

83
Q

what is the treatment for incapacitating agents

A

protecting from injuring themselves and others

84
Q

what are the drugs treatment for incapacitating agents

A

glycolate physostigmine not effective in the first 4 hours

85
Q

what are the two common riot control harrassing agents

A

CN - chloracetophenone

CS - Orthochlorobenzilidine malononitrile

86
Q

signs and sx of CS and CN gases

A

pain to eyes with excessive tearing lasting for 2 hours

87
Q

what are the vomiting agents

A

DM
DA
DC

88
Q

what do vomiting agents produce

A

strong pepper like irritation

89
Q

treatment for vomiting agents

A

wear the mask
vigorous activity
mild analgesic

90
Q

describe white phosphorous

A

pale, waxy solid that ignites spontaneously when in contact with air

91
Q

treatment of white phosphorius when contact with skin

A

cover with water, wet rag or mud
.5 solution of copper sulfate to rinse not dress
phosphorous particles must be remover surgically

FMF (ME) (10 decks)

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