11.2: Public Health ✅

Question 1

Public health

Answer 1

Ethical aspects of
-individual behaviors
-collective behaviors or
-institutional behaviors

That affect the health of the ‘public’ rather than the health of any single specified individual

Question 2

Public health involves

Answer 2

Multi-disciplinary teams

Imposes “cost on individuals” for the sake of “public good”
-e.g. individual: whether to vaccinate child or not,
population: risk of exposing the public to disease

Question 3

Public health’s first duty

Answer 3

The general public

Question 4

Doctor’s first duty

Answer 4

Duty of care to the individual patient

Question 5

Public health considerations

Answer 5

1. Expected Utility of the Policy
2. Justice
   -(contribution and fair share of public goods)
3. The Harm Principle
   -(the only justification for interfering with the liberty of an individual, against her will, is to prevent harm to others)
4. Individual Liberty/Autonomy

Question 6

Intervention Ladder: how it works

Answer 6

The higher up on the ladder, the more intrusive the choice is and the more justification is required to use that option

Question 7

Intervention Ladder

Answer 7

Eliminate Choice
⬆️
Restrict choice
⬆️
Guide choice by DISincentives
⬆️
Guide choice by incentives
⬆️
Guide choice by changing the default policy
⬆️
Enable choice
⬆️
Provide information
⬆️
Do nothing/ monitor

Extremely Rude Dickheads Indicate Carelessly, Every Poxy Dimwit.

Question 8

What are the ethical implications of Public Healh Policy

Answer 8

Breach of confidentiality for communicable disease

Question 9

What are the Ethical Implications of Health Promotion?

Answer 9

The ultimate goal
-what good is achieved?

How it should be distributed in the population?

What means may be achieved may be used to achieve this
-cost effective
-interfere with free choice

Question 10

Public health examples

Answer 10

Health policies

Health promotion programmes

Population surveys

Surveillance
-lab-based, syndromic

Question 11

Clinical research examples of durisdiction

Answer 11

Prevention trials

Screening trials

Treatment trials

Cohort study

Case control study

Cross sectional study

Question 12

Patient or community participation

Answer 12

1. Capacity
2. Informed consent
3. Confidentiality

Question 13

Ethics in publication

Answer 13

Authorship

Conflicts of interest

Plagiarism

Research fraud