Chapter 1 - Cells and Organisation Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell
Animal and plant cells with DNA
What do both animal and plant cells include
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus
- Mitochondria
- Ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
What do plant cells have that animal cells don’t
- Permanent vacuole
- Chloroplasts
- Cell wall
What are the attributes of a prokaryotic cell
- Single celled
- No nucleus
- Small DNA called plasmids
- Smaller than eukaryotic cells
Name 1 type of cell and what it’s specialised for
- Sperm cell = fertilisation
- Red blood cell = transport oxygen
- Muscle cell = movement
- Nerve cell = electrical impulses
- Root hair cell = absorb minerals
- Palisade cell = photosynthesis
Define diffusion, does it require energy and name an example of where it is used
Particles move from hight concentration to low concentration. No energy is required. Humans/Fish/Plants
Define osmosis, does it require energy and name an example of where its used
Water from concentrated to less concentrated solution through partially permeable membrane. No energy required. Plants
Define active transport, does it require energy and an example of where it is used
Dilute to concentrated solution using energy from respiration. Requires energy. Humans/Plants
What are the factors that effect diffusion
Concentration difference, temperature and membrane surface area
How is a cell made up
Cell - nucleus- Chromosomes - Genes - DNA
What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle
1) cell grows and chromosomes duplicate
2) MITOSIS nucleus divides onto 2. 2 sets of chromosomes form and move to the ends
3) Cell splits and makes 2 identical cells
What are stem cells
Stem cells are cells that develop into specialised cells
What is the organisation system in animals
Cells - Tissues - Organs - Organ systems- Organisms
