Inflammation

Question 1

Name 5 signs of inflammation

Answer 1

Redness
Hotness
Pain
Swelling
Loss of function

Question 2

Define Inflammation

Answer 2

A protective host response against an injury or irritant

Question 3

Enumerate the aims of inflammation

Answer 3

Elimination of the irritant
Removal of necrotic cells & tissues resulting from the injury
Repair of injured tissues

Question 4

Differentiate between acute & chronic inflammation

Answer 4

Acute inflammation:
Sudden onset // short duration // stong irritant
Chronic inflammation:
Gradual onset // long duration // mild irritant

Question 5

Enumerate the causes of acute inflammation

Answer 5

Infections, chemical, immunological, mechanical, physical irritants, tissue necrosis

Question 6

Mention the causes of increasedc vascular permeability

Answer 6

Endothelial cell contraction leading to intercellular gaps
Endothelial injury after a severe injury
Leakage from new blood vessels

Question 7

Increasing the vascular permeability results in……

Answer 7

Formation of inflammatory exudate through moving the protein-rich fluid & blood to the extravascular tissue

Question 8

What’s the reason behind blood stasis

Answer 8

It happens due to:
VD ⇒escaping of protein rich fluid from blood vessels & venules to the extraváscular tissue ⇒ increases blood viscosity & slows the circulation

Question 9

What are the results of blood stasis

Answer 9

It leads to margination where leukoceytes move to the vascular endothelial surface

Question 10

The first step in inflammatory cellular events is….

Answer 10

Margination

Question 11

What’s the role of lymphatic vessels in inflammation?

Answer 11

Increases the tymph flow to drain leukocytes, cell debris, edema fluid from the inflamed area
Lymphatics may spread microbes in severe infections
Lymphatics may be inflamed while lymph nodes may be drained

Question 12

What are the functions of exudate

Answer 12

It dilutes toxins & minimizes their effect
It brings antibodies to the inflamed area
It supplies nutrition & get rid of waste products
Fibrinogen content of exudate can form a fibrin network that acts as a mechanical barrier to prevent the spread of the irritant & a bridge for the leukocytes to reach the irritant

Question 13

Mention the characteristics of exudate

Answer 13

High protein content ⇒ 4-8 gm
High specific gravity ⇒ above 1020
High cellular content ⇒ neutrophil & macrophages
High fibrinogen content ⇒ turbid & clot