Development Flashcards
What does development mean
Development means positive change that makes things better.
It usually means that people’s standard of living and quality of life
will improve.
The development gap is the difference in standard of living between
the world’s richest and poorest countries.
How can you measure development
GNI - The total value of goods and services produced by a country, plus money earned from and paid to other countries - Expressed as per head (per capita)
HDI - Social measure that is expressed from 0-1 where 1 is the highest, it considers
.Life Expectancy
.GNI per capita
,Number of years in education
Measures of development
Birth rate - As a country develops, women become more educated and want a career. Thye marry and have kids later in life
Death rate - Developed countries have older populations resulting in a high death rate. Less developed MAY have low rates because proportionally young people have survived early years
Infant mortality - measure of a countries health care system
Literacy Rate - Means a good education system
Why can a single measurement of development give a false picture
Data can be out of date, unreliable or hard to collect
Data may not take into account subsistence or informal economies
What is the DTM
Shows changes over time in the population of a country. total population responds to a changes of birth and death rates
Stages of DTM
Stage 1 - High Birth & Death Rate - Both fluctuate because of disease famine and war - Population is fairly stable
Stage 2 - Death rate decreases, Birth rate remains high, Population grows
Stage 3 - Birth rate drops rapidly, Death rate continues to decrease but slowly, Population still grows but not as fast
Stage 4 - Low birth & Death rate, birth rate can fluctuate depending on economic situation
Stage 5 - Birth rate falls below death rate, Death rate increases slightly because of ageing population. Population decreases unless immigration replaces retired population
Example of Countries in Stages of the DTM
Stage 1 - Traditional rainforest tribes Stage 2 - Afghanistan Stage 3 - Nigeria Stage 4 - USA Stage 5 - Japan
Physical Causes of uneven development
.Landlocked countries cut off from seaborn trade
.Climate related diseases and pests
.Extreme weather
.Lack of adequate supplies of clean water can affect farming and the affect of workers
Economic causes of uneven development
.Rich countries can pay as little as possible for raw materials from LIC’s
.Supply of raw materials which outstrips demand
.Processing which takes place in richer countries
Disparities in Health between LIC’s and HIC’s
LIC - Children under 15 account for 4 out of 10 deaths, Over 70s account for 2/10 deaths
Childbirth complications are some of the main causes of death for under 5 year old’s
Infectious diseases are some of the main causes of death
HIC - Over 70’s account for 7/10 deaths
Main causes of death are chronic heart diseases, cancer
Lung infections are the only infectious causes of death
Only 1 in every 100 deaths are kids under 15
Different causes and types of migration
Immigrant - Someone who moves into of a country
Emigrant - Someone who moves out of a country
Economic Migrant - Someone who moves voluntarily to seek a better quality of life
Refugee - Someone who is forced to move because of war or natural disasters
Displaced person - Someone who is forced to move from their home but still stays in the country of origin
Economic migration to the UK
. Since 2004, 1.5 million immigrants have moved to the UK
. Most pay taxes and work hard
.Migrants can put pressures on healthcare and education
What strategies can reduce the development gap
Industrial development - Industrial development brings employment, higher
incomes and opportunities to invest in housing, education and infrastructure. The population then becomes better educated and healthier, which provides more opportunities to invest in industries and business. This circular process is called the multiplier effect.
Tourism - Countries with tropical beaches, spectacular landscapes or abundant
wildlife have become tourist destinations. This has led to investment and increased
Income from abroad, which can be used for improved education, infrastructure and housing
How can aid reduce the development gap
When a country of NGO donate resources to a country to help it develop and improve peoples lives. It can reduce the development gap by
Enabling countries to invest in development projects
Focus on health care and education
How can intermediate technology reduce the development gap
Intermediate technology is cheap easier to use and sustainable technology that makes agricultural jobs a lot easier
Uses local materials
Makes agricultural jobs easier so that people can focus on other things
