Ch. 1 Class. Motor Skills Flashcards

1
Q

motor skills

A

actions; activities or tasks that require voluntary head, body and limb movement to achieve a specific purpose or goal

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2
Q

motor learning emphasizes… (3)

A
  1. acquisition of motor skills
  2. performance enhancement of learned skills
  3. reacquisition of skills because of injury or disease
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3
Q

motor control is study of…

A

how our neuromuscular system functions to activate and coordinate muscles/limbs when learning new skill or perfoming well-learned skill

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4
Q

Example question…does the type of feedback an instructor gives to a person learning/relearning a motor skill influence how quickly and how well the skill is learned?

A

motor learning

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5
Q

Example question…are the movements of the arms and legs coordinated in similar ways when a person walks/runs at various speeds?

A

motor control

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6
Q

how do the elderly compare with young in terms of how quickly they can decide to move to avoid collision?

A

motor development

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7
Q

Motor skill performance is influenced by…(3)

A
  1. motor skill
  2. performance environment
  3. physical/cognitive characteristic of the person
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8
Q

skill

A

task that has specific purpose or goal to achieve; i.e. piano playing

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9
Q

cognitive skill

A

mental activity that includes decision making, problem solving, remembering; i.e. multiplication

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10
Q

A motor skill needs to have… (4)

A
  1. a goal to achieve (action goal)
  2. performed voluntarily
  3. requires head/body/limb movement
  4. learned/relearned
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11
Q

movements

A

behavioral characteristic of the head, body, combo of limbs

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12
Q

One-dimension classification systems (3)

A
  1. size of primary musculature required
  2. specificity of where movements of a skill begin and end
  3. stability of the environmental context
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13
Q

Gross motor skills

A

require use of large musculature to achieve goal of the skills: walking, jumping

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14
Q

fine motor skills

A

require control of small muscles to achieve goal of skill; hand/eye coordination: typing, sewing, hand writing

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15
Q

discrete motor skills

A

specified beginning and end points usually require a simple movement: flipping a light witch, kicking a ball

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16
Q

continuous motor skills

A

arbitrary beginning and end points; repetitive movements: walking swimming, steering a car

17
Q

serial motor skills

A

continuous series of discrete skills; shifting gears in a stick shift

18
Q

closed motor skill environment context

A

stationary supporting surface, object, other people; performer determines when to begin action; i.e. picking up a cup while seated at a table

19
Q

open motor skill environment context

A

involve supporting surface, object or other people IN MOTION; environment determines when to begin action; i.e. catching a thrown ball and adapting to its demands

20
Q

environment context involves three features…

A
  1. supporting surface
  2. objects involved
  3. other people involved
21
Q

Gentile’s Two-dimension of the taxonomy has two environmental context characteristics…

A
  1. regulatory conditions-environment control movement characteristic of action
  2. intertrial variability-whether regulatory conditions during performance are the same or different from one attempt to another; i.e. present when walking through room and clutter is different every time
22
Q

2D taxonomy function of the action… (2)

A
  1. body orientation-either body stability (maintain location i.e. archery) or body transport-change location actively (walking) or passively (standing still on moving bus)
  2. object manipulation- from change of the position of an object (swinging a bat)
23
Q

complexity increases on Taxonomy when motor skill involves one or more of…

A
  1. open environment
  2. trial-to-trial variability
  3. object to manipulate
  4. body transport
24
Q

practical uses of Gentil’s Taxonomy

A
  1. Guide for eval motor performance capabilities/limitations/deficiencies
  2. for progress what activities increase performance capabilities/overcome performance deficiencies
  3. chart person’s progress
25
Q

primary musculature required

A

large and small muscles required; i.e. pitching a baseball, shooting an arrow; putting a golf ball