Ch. 1 Class. Motor Skills

Question 1

motor skills

Answer 1

actions; activities or tasks that require voluntary head, body and limb movement to achieve a specific purpose or goal

Question 2

motor learning emphasizes… (3)

Answer 2

1. acquisition of motor skills
2. performance enhancement of learned skills
3. reacquisition of skills because of injury or disease

Question 3

motor control is study of…

Answer 3

how our neuromuscular system functions to activate and coordinate muscles/limbs when learning new skill or perfoming well-learned skill

Question 4

Example question…does the type of feedback an instructor gives to a person learning/relearning a motor skill influence how quickly and how well the skill is learned?

Answer 4

motor learning

Question 5

Example question…are the movements of the arms and legs coordinated in similar ways when a person walks/runs at various speeds?

Answer 5

motor control

Question 6

how do the elderly compare with young in terms of how quickly they can decide to move to avoid collision?

Answer 6

motor development

Question 7

Motor skill performance is influenced by…(3)

Answer 7

1. motor skill
2. performance environment
3. physical/cognitive characteristic of the person

Question 8

skill

Answer 8

task that has specific purpose or goal to achieve; i.e. piano playing

Question 9

cognitive skill

Answer 9

mental activity that includes decision making, problem solving, remembering; i.e. multiplication

Question 10

A motor skill needs to have… (4)

Answer 10

1. a goal to achieve (action goal)
2. performed voluntarily
3. requires head/body/limb movement
4. learned/relearned

Question 11

movements

Answer 11

behavioral characteristic of the head, body, combo of limbs

Question 12

One-dimension classification systems (3)

Answer 12

1. size of primary musculature required
2. specificity of where movements of a skill begin and end
3. stability of the environmental context

Question 13

Gross motor skills

Answer 13

require use of large musculature to achieve goal of the skills: walking, jumping

Question 14

fine motor skills

Answer 14

require control of small muscles to achieve goal of skill; hand/eye coordination: typing, sewing, hand writing

Question 15

discrete motor skills

Answer 15

specified beginning and end points usually require a simple movement: flipping a light witch, kicking a ball

Question 16

continuous motor skills

Answer 16

arbitrary beginning and end points; repetitive movements: walking swimming, steering a car

Question 17

serial motor skills

Answer 17

continuous series of discrete skills; shifting gears in a stick shift

Question 18

closed motor skill environment context

Answer 18

stationary supporting surface, object, other people; performer determines when to begin action; i.e. picking up a cup while seated at a table

Question 19

open motor skill environment context

Answer 19

involve supporting surface, object or other people IN MOTION; environment determines when to begin action; i.e. catching a thrown ball and adapting to its demands

Question 20

environment context involves three features…

Answer 20

1. supporting surface
2. objects involved
3. other people involved

Question 21

Gentile’s Two-dimension of the taxonomy has two environmental context characteristics…

Answer 21

1. regulatory conditions-environment control movement characteristic of action
2. intertrial variability-whether regulatory conditions during performance are the same or different from one attempt to another; i.e. present when walking through room and clutter is different every time

Question 22

2D taxonomy function of the action… (2)

Answer 22

1. body orientation-either body stability (maintain location i.e. archery) or body transport-change location actively (walking) or passively (standing still on moving bus)
2. object manipulation- from change of the position of an object (swinging a bat)

Question 23

complexity increases on Taxonomy when motor skill involves one or more of…

Answer 23

1. open environment
2. trial-to-trial variability
3. object to manipulate
4. body transport

Question 24

practical uses of Gentil’s Taxonomy

Answer 24

1. Guide for eval motor performance capabilities/limitations/deficiencies
2. for progress what activities increase performance capabilities/overcome performance deficiencies
3. chart person’s progress

Question 25

primary musculature required

Answer 25

large and small muscles required; i.e. pitching a baseball, shooting an arrow; putting a golf ball