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GCSE Chemistry > C1 Better > Flashcards

C1 Better Flashcards

1
Q

What are the rules for writing the symbols of elements?

A

First letter is a capital any others are lower case.

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2
Q

What is the list of all the elements called?

A

The periodic table

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3
Q

What is a compound?

A

2 or more elements chemically bonded together and so will have different properties to the elements on their own.

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4
Q

What is a mixture?

A

2 or more elements or compounds that are not chemically bonded so each part keeps its original properties.

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5
Q

What is an element?

A

A group of atoms that are the same.

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6
Q

Is gold an element, mixture or compound? Why?

A

Gold is an element as it is made only of gold atoms.

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7
Q

Is carbon dioxide an element, mixture or compound? Wy?

A

Carbon dioxide is a compound as it is formed from carbon and oxygen chemically bonded together.

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8
Q

Is salt water an element, mixture or compound? Why?

A

Salt water is a mixture as the water compound and salt compound are not bonded together.

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9
Q

How many atoms are in H2SO4?

A

H=2 S=1 O=4 Total= 7

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10
Q

How many atoms are in 3HNO3?

A

3H + 3N + 9O –> 15

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11
Q

What property does filtration exploit?

A

Solubility

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12
Q

What property does crystallisation exploit?

A

Boiling point

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13
Q

What property does simple distillation exploit?

A

Boiling point

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14
Q

What property does fractional distillation exploit?

A

Boiling point

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15
Q

What separation technique separates solids from liquids?

A

Filtration

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16
Q

What are the key steps of distillation?

A

Heating, evaporation, cooling, condensing

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17
Q

Advantages of simple distillation over fractional distillation?

A

Simpler setup, faster, consumes less energy

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18
Q

Disadvantages of simple distillation over fractional distillation?

A

Requires the liquids to have a large difference in boiling point and gives poorer separation.

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19
Q

Why do inks separate in chromatography?

A

Because of their mass and solubility.

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20
Q

What is the soluble part of a filtered mixture called?

A

Filtrate

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21
Q

What is the insoluble part of a filtered mixture called?

A

Residue

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22
Q

Why would you use filtration to separate a mixture of sand and water?

A

Because the water will filter through but the sand is not soluble so will form the residue.

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23
Q

Why would filtration not be a good method to separate salt and water?

A

Because salt is soluble in water so both the salt and the water would be in the filtrate.

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24
Q

What method would be suitable to separate a mixture of inks?

A

Chromatography as the ink particles will have different masses so travel different distance up the filter paper.

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25
Q

What was the plum pudding model of the atom?

A

Atoms were spheres with negatively charges electrons embedded in them

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26
Q

Which model of the atom was developed first?

A

The plum pudding model was developed before the nuclear model of the atom.

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27
Q

What is the nuclear model of the atom?

A

Atoms have a central nucleus and are surrounded by negative electrons.

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28
Q

What caused the development of the nuclear model?

A

The alpha particle scattering experiment which showed that most of the mass of an atom was in a central nucleus.

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29
Q

Who discovered the electrons?

A

Thompson in 1897

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30
Q

Who discovered the nucleus?

A

Rutherford in 1911 using the alpha scattering experiment.

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31
Q

Who discovered the nucleus?

A

Rutherford in 1911 using the alpha scattering experiment.

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32
Q

Who discovered the number of electrons on each shell?

A

Chadwick in 1932

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33
Q

What is in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Protons and neutrons

34
Q

What part of an atom is not in the nucleus?

A

Electrons

35
Q

What do the electrons sit on?

A

Shells

36
Q

How many electrons can fit on each shell?

A

2, 8, 8

37
Q

What is the charge of protons?

A

1

38
Q

What is the charge of neutrons?

A

0

39
Q

What is the charge of electrons?

A

-1

40
Q

What is the mass of protons?

A

1

41
Q

What is the mass of electrons?

A

Nearly 0

42
Q

What is the mass of neutrons?

A

1

43
Q

What size are atoms?

A

0.1nm in radius

44
Q

What size is the radius of the nucleus compared to the atom?

A

1/10,000 of the atom

45
Q

What does the atomic number tell us about an atom?

A

Number of protons/electrons

46
Q

What does the atomic mass tell us about an atom?

A

Number of protons and neutrons

47
Q

How do you calculate the number of neutrons?

A

Atomic mass- proton number

48
Q

How does the period link to the electron configuration?

A

The number of shells

49
Q

How does the group link to the electron configuration?

A

The number of electrons on the outer shell (valence)

50
Q

What is an isotope?

A

Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons.

51
Q

How do you calculate the atomic mass of an element?

A

(Mass x abundance) + (Mass x abundance) / 100

52
Q

What is the electron configuration of sodium?

A

2,8,1

53
Q

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

A

By increasing number of protons.

54
Q

Why is it called the periodic table?

A

Because similar properties occur at regular intervals (or periods).

55
Q

What are the columns in the periodic table called?

A

Groups

56
Q

What are the rows in the periodic table called?

A

Periods

57
Q

How does the group number link to electron configuration?

A

Number of electrons on the outer shell (valence electrons)

58
Q

How does the period number link to electron configuration?

A

Number of electron shells

59
Q

What is the middle block of the periodic table called?

A

Transition metals

60
Q

What is group 1 called?

A

Alkali metals

61
Q

What is group 2 called?

A

Alkali earth metals

62
Q

What is group 7 called?

A

Halogens

63
Q

What is group 8 called?

A

Noble gases

64
Q

Who developed the periodic table?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

65
Q

How was Mendeleev’s periodic table different from even earlier versions?

A

Mendeleev left gaps for undiscovered elements and switched elements around so each group had similar properties.

66
Q

How was Mendeleev’s periodic table different from even earlier versions?

A

Elements were ordered by atomic mass not atomic number.

67
Q

How was Mendeleev’s periodic table different from the modern one?

A

In the modern periodic table elements are ordered by atomic number and there are not gaps as more elements have been discovered.

68
Q

Why are noble gases unreactive?

A

Because they have a full outer shell of electrons

69
Q

What happens to the boiling point as you go down the noble gases group?

A

It increases.

70
Q

Why do alkali metals all have similar properties?

A

Because they all have 1 electrons on their outer shell.

71
Q

What is the product when alkali metals react with oxygen?

A

Metal oxides

72
Q

What is the product when alkali metals react with chlorine?

A

Metal chloride

73
Q

What are the products when alkali metals react with water?

A

Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

74
Q

Explain the trend in reactivity down group 1?

A

They get more reactive down the group.

75
Q

Why do elements in group 7 have similar properties?

A

Because they all have 7 electrons on their outer shell.

76
Q

Does mass increase or decrease going down group 7?

A

Increase.

77
Q

Does melting point increase or decrease going down group 7?

A

Increase.

78
Q

Does boiling point increase or decrease going down group 7?

A

Increase.

79
Q

Does reactivity increase or decrease going down group 7?

A

Decrease.

80
Q

Why can this reaction not occur? Iodine + Potassium Fluoride

A

Because fluorine is more reactive than iodine.

81
Q

Compare the properties of alkali metals to transition metals.

A

Group 1 elements have lower melting points, are less dense, are not as strong but are more reactive.

82
Q

What are the 3 key characteristics of transition metals?

A

When they form ions they can have more than one charge (e.g. Fe2+ and Fe3+), they form coloured compounds and are used as catalysts. (The 3 Cs- charge, colour and catalyst).

GCSE Chemistry (16 decks)

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