Lecture 25. Plant Nutrition and Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

What does the endodermis possess ?

A

A substance that prevents movement of water in cell wall

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2
Q

What transports ions ?

A

A layer of cells that act as scavenger cells

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3
Q

What are the controlled nutrient supply systems ?

A
  1. Aeroponics
  2. Hydroponics
  3. Aquaponics
  4. Fertiliser application
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4
Q

What is an aeroponic system ?

A

The roots are not embedded, nutrients are delivered by a fine mist

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5
Q

What is the advantage of the aeroponic system ?

A

Easy to keep disease free

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6
Q

What is an aquaponic system ?

A

Plant roots are in an tank of fish

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7
Q

What provided the nutrients in an aquaponic system ?

A

Fish provide the nitrogenous waste which is used for plant growth

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8
Q

What are serpentine soils ?

A

Soils which have high concentrations of heavy metals that occur naturally or through acid deposition

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9
Q

What are serpentine soils characterised by ?

A

High concentrations of Mg, Fe, Ni, Co, Mn and Cd

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10
Q

What are serpentine soils derived from ?

A

Weathering of ultramatic soils having high concentrations of ferromagnesium minerals

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11
Q

What have some non-photosynthetic plants evolved to do ?

A

To obtain their nutrients and organic carbon by growing in or on other plants

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12
Q

Other than parasitism, how have non-photosynthetic plants evolved to gain nutrients ?

A

Carnivory

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13
Q

What are the three orders of flowering plants where parasitic plants are found ?

A
  1. Magnoliidae
  2. Rosidae
  3. Asteridae
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14
Q

What are holoparasites ?

A

Plants that are completely parasitic on other plants and have virtually have no chlorophyll

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15
Q

What are hemiparasites ?

A

Plants that are parasitic under natural conditions and are also photosynthetic to some degree

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16
Q

What is mistletoe an example of ?

A

Holo and hemi parasites

17
Q

How do mistletoe grow ?

A

As epiphytic parasites on the branches of trees and shrubs

18
Q

What do mistletoe do to obtain their food ?

A

The roots grow into and connect with their hosts vascular tissue, from which they derive water and mineral nutrients but not usually organic substances

19
Q

What is the process by which root moves along a branch ?

A

Thigmotropism

20
Q

What happens when the root encounters an irregularity called ?

A

A swelling called a holdfast forms

21
Q

What binds the holdfast to the bark ?

A

A cementing substance

22
Q

What forms to penetrate into the cortex of the host ?

A

A wedge shaped structure

23
Q

What happens once the parasite is established in the hosts cortex ?

A

An intimate connection forms between the phloem and xylem cells off the mistletoe and the phloem and xylem cells of the host

24
Q

What does the dwarf mistletoe do to reproduce ?

A

Employs a pressurised water pump to shoot its seeds up to a distance of 20m

25
Q

What does the sandbox tree do ?

A

It explodes like a hand grenade when mature

26
Q

How do dodder vines work ?

A

They attach themselves to stems of plants by root like structures and penetrate the stem using infection pegs and haustoria

27
Q

What are some examples of insectivorous plants ?

A
  1. Pitcher plant
  2. Butterwort
  3. Sunder
  4. Bladderwort
28
Q

How do pitfall traps work ?

A

Leaves folded into deep, slippery pools filled with digestive enzymes

29
Q

What are the four plant groups that evolved pitfall traps ?

A
  1. Caryophyllales
  2. Oxalidales
  3. Ericales
  4. Vromeliacaea
30
Q

How does the flypaper trap work ?

A

Leaves covered in stalked glands that exude sticky mucilage

31
Q

What are some examples of flypaper traps ?

A
  1. Sundews

2. Butterworts

32
Q

What are the plant orders which have evolved flypaper traps ?

A
  1. Caryophyllales
  2. Ericales
  3. Lamlales
33
Q

What are snap traps ?

A

Have hinged leaves that snap shut when trigger hairs are touched

34
Q

What is the plant order that has evolved a snap trap ?

A

Caryophalles

35
Q

What are suction traps ?

A

Unique to bladderworts, are highly modified leaves in the shape of the bladder with a hinged door lined with trigger hairs

36
Q

What is the plant order that evolved suction traps ?

A

Lamlales

37
Q

What are lobster pot traps ?

A

Twisted tubular channels lined with hairs and glands

38
Q

What is the plant order that lobster pot traps evolved from ?

A

Caryophalleles