Acid Base 1

Question 1

Substances that can donate H+ ions

Answer 1

Acids

Question 2

Substances that can ACCEPT H+ ions

Answer 2

Bases

Question 3

Strong acids do what in solution?

Answer 3

Strong acids dissociate completely in solution

Question 4

Weak acids do what in solution?

Answer 4

Dissociate partially

Question 5

What does Hydrogen do in the body?

Answer 5

• Maintain cell membranes
• Helps w/ enzyme activity
• Component of H2O and keeps body hydrated
• Helps in energy production

Question 6

What 4 molecules is Hydrogen a component of?

Answer 6

1. Sugars
2. Proteins
3. Starch
4. Fats

Question 7

Neutral pH

Answer 7

7
Equal [H+} and [OH-]

(same hydrogen concentration as hydroxide concentration)

Question 8

Normal Body pH

Answer 8

7.35-7.45
Measured in serum blood

-NOT the same everywhere in body

Question 9

Most acidic place in body

Answer 9

Stomach (hydrochloric acid)

Question 10

Stomach is uniquely designed to handle HCl

Answer 10

• Outside of stomach, HCl causes damage
• LES blocks from esophagus
• Duodenum has defense mechanisms to neutralize acid (Mucus)

Question 11

There are many different pH values in?

Answer 11

The digestive tract: Aids in digestion

Question 12

Other areas pH value

Answer 12

Skeletal muscle: 6.9-7.2
Bone: 7.4
Liver: 7.2
Pleural fluid: 7.6

Question 13

What happens when body systems aren’t within (7.35-7.45)

What is affected?

Answer 13

1. Enzyme Function (narrow operation range)
2. Electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-)
3. Hormones
4. Oxygen transport + delivery

Question 14

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 14

The more acidic the body is the more hemoglobin will give up O2 more readily at the tissue.

The more ALKALOTIC the body is the more hemoglobin will hold on to O2 and not give it to tissue.

More acidic is actually BETTER than the reverse due to it’s O2 giving nature

Question 15

Oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve w/partial pressures

Answer 15

pH alkalosis: Higher hemoglobin O2 saturation but partial pressure is is higher, meaning less likely to give O2 to tissue

Question 16

Body can function for short time w/

Answer 16

pH <6.8 or >7.8

-can function for short period but becomes incompatible w/LIFE

Question 17

Two types of Acid in the body

Answer 17

1. Volatile acids

2. Non-volatile acids

Question 18

1. Volatile Acids

Answer 18

-Can be converted to gas
-Excreted/eliminated by lungs
-Ex) Carbonic Acid H2CO3
(breaks into Water + Carbon dioxide)

Question 19

2. Non-volatile Acids

Answer 19

-Eliminated by kidney

• Lactic acid
• Phosphoric acid
• Sulfuric acid
• Acetoacetic acid
• Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 20

Non-Volatile acid that isn’t eliminated by the kidney

Answer 20

Lactic acid

-Metabolized by the body, mainly liver + kindey

Question 21

Body produces more acids than bases

Answer 21

1. ingest food/drink
2. Metabolism of lipids + proteins
3. Cellular metabolism waste product: CO2 a volatile acid

Question 22

Important to get the pH back into a survivable range

Answer 22

7. 2-7.5/6
   - want to avoid alkalosis, especially if will since Hemoglobin will hold on to O2 more

-MORE difficult to correct an alkaline pH