Cellular Metabolism Part 3

Question 1

Chemical reactions which include breaking food down for energy and the using that energy to build up the organism

Answer 1

cellular metabolism

Question 2

a series of pathways where molecules are broken down into smaller bits and energy is released

Answer 2

catabolic process

Question 3

when organisms make compounds needed by the cells

Answer 3

anabolism

Question 4

an anabolic process where cells combine amino acids in different ways to form proteins

Answer 4

protein synthesis

Question 5

Scientists who discovered the shape of DNA in 1953

Answer 5

James Watson and Francis Clark

Question 6

the shape of DNA

Answer 6

a double helix

Question 7

What is DNA made of?

Answer 7

nucleotides

Question 8

What are nucleotides made of?

Answer 8

1. a nitrogen base
2. a simple sugar
3. a phosphate group

Question 9

how are the bases paired up?

Answer 9

Adenine and thymine

guanine and cytosine

Question 10

what are the legs of the DNA ladder made of

Answer 10

simple sugars and phosphate groups

Question 11

What are the rungs of the DNA made of?

Answer 11

The base pairs

Question 12

the complete connection of cells DNA material

Answer 12

genome

Question 13

a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or specific strand of RNA

Answer 13

Gene

Question 14

DNA that is wrapped around proteins called histones which package up DNA more compactly

Answer 14

histones

Question 15

the complex of DNA and histones

Answer 15

chromatin

Question 16

coils of DNA that are bundled up into organized structures

Answer 16

chromosomes

Question 17

a pair of chromosomes

Answer 17

homologous pair

Question 18

a massive collaboration of scientists to map out and identify all of the genes in human DNA

Answer 18

Human Genome Project (1990-2003)

Question 19

the three step process of protein synthesis

Answer 19

the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Question 20

What are the three steps of protein synthesis

Answer 20

1. DNA replication
2. RNA transcription
3. Protein translation

Question 21

when cells divide so that each cell can have a copy of DNA

Answer 21

DNA replication

Question 22

The enzyme helicase “unzips” the double helix of DNA separating each base pair

Answer 22

DNA replication step 1

Question 23

the enzyme DNA polymerase recognizes the baes and adds the missing ones to each side of the “unzipped” DNA to create two complete strands of DNA

Answer 23

DNA replication step 2

Question 24

a nucleic acid like DNA but has some notable differences

Answer 24

RNA

Question 25

bases of RNA

Answer 25

adenine-uracil

guanine-cytosine

Question 26

assists in protein translation by transferring amino acids from other places in the cell to the ribosomes

Answer 26

tRNA or transfer RNA

Question 27

moves the mRNA along as protein translation takes place

Answer 27

rRNA

Question 28

Write out the processes of RNA transcription and protein translation