Review for exam 2

Question 1

The anterior pituitary stimulates other endocrine organs by secreting a group of hormones called _______.

Answer 1

tropic hormones

Question 2

An excess of hormones in the blood may cause
target organs to decrease the number of
receptors for that hormone in a process called

Answer 2

down-regulation (bc decreasing number of receptors for that hormone)

Question 3

Insulin promotes all of the following except

Answer 3

gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from non carb sources)

**Insulin promotes protein synthesis, glycogenesis,
lipogenesis

Question 4

Which statement about cholesterol is correct?

Answer 4

Saturated Fatty Acids stimulate liver synthesis of cholesterol

Question 5

Which hormone is responsible for increasing milk production?

Answer 5

prolactin

Question 6

In the developing fetus, all body systems are present by ______.

Answer 6

8 weeks

Question 7

Gastrulation starts when the ______ appears

Answer 7

primitive streak

Question 8

Which of the following occurs outside of the mitochondria?

Answer 8

glycolysis

Question 9

In general metabolic terms, food digestion is a form of __________, while building new protein molecules is a form of

Answer 9

catabolism; anabolism

• *catabolism: breaks down
• *anabolism: builds up

Question 10

Glandular organs most likely arise from the _________, as they share secretory properties with the gut.

Answer 10

endoderm

Question 11

Which extraembryonic membrane contributes to the formation of the placenta?

Answer 11

Chorion

Question 12

Most of the amino acid–based hormones affect the target organs using _______.

Answer 12

intracellular second messengers

Question 13

Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) considered “good”?

Answer 13

The cholesterol transported by HDLs is destined for excretion

Question 14

Increased ______ stimulates the baby’s first breath.

Answer 14

blood CO2 level

Question 15

Which of the following is true about ADH?

Answer 15

It is secreted when we are dehydrated

Question 16

Which statement is correct concerning the Post absorptive state

Answer 16

Glycogenolysis occurs in the liver and skeletal muscle

Question 17

What prevents polyspermy by destroying the sperm receptors?

Answer 17

ZIPs (zonal inhibiting proteins)

Question 18

During times of stress, elevated levels of _______ often occur, which explains why we get a cold during final exam time.

Answer 18

cortisol

Question 19

Occasionally, a female patient experiences hirsutism, or excessive facial hair growth, yet blood tests reveal that her levels of testosterone are normal for a female. Another cause could be hypersecretion of

Answer 19

gonadocorticoids

Question 20

When the ovaries secrete estrogen in response to the hormone GnRH (gonad releasing hormone), this is an example of ________ stimulation.

Answer 20

hormonal

Question 21

Which statement is correct concerning Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR)?

Answer 21

If GFR increases, filtrate flow rate will increase in tubule

Question 22

Which of the following is a source of complex carbohydrates?

Answer 22

potatoes

Question 23

The juxtaglomerular complex is made of ________ cells from the afferent arteriole and the ________ cells of the ascending tubule.

Answer 23

granular; macula densa

Question 24

In the case of a person who consumes a normal balanced diet, protein are essential to the body for all of the following EXCEPT…

Answer 24

Production of energy

Question 25

What type of response by the afferent arterioles of the nephron would you expect if blood pressure increased?

Answer 25

The afferent arterioles would constrict.

Question 26

The vasa recta are associated with which structures in the kidney?

Answer 26

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 27

The vasa recta are associated with which structures in the kidney?

Answer 27

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 28

Which hormone is stored in the posterior pituitary?

Answer 28

oxytocin

Question 29

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.

Answer 29

by a decrease in the blood pressure

Question 30

The descending limb of the nephron loop ________.

Answer 30

contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla

Question 31

The ________ mechanism is the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched.

Answer 31

Myogenic mechanism

Question 32

what is not part of the renal corpuscle

Answer 32

vasa recta

Question 33

what is an apgar score ?

Answer 33

An assessment at birth based on infant’s: HR, RR, color, tone and reflexes

Question 34

Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla?

Answer 34

epinephrine

Question 35

Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the …

Answer 35

Conversion of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?

Answer 36

Synthesis of glucagon

Question 37

What is formed during aerobic respiration when electrons are passed down the electron transport chain?

Answer 37

Water