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SQA National 5 Physics > Properties of Matter > Flashcards

Properties of Matter Flashcards

1
Q

Using Kinetic Theory explain what happens to the pressure if you increase the temperature of a fixed mass gas in a fixed volume container?

A
  • Pressure is caused by the force of particles hitting the sides of the container.
  • The temperature is increased. The particles gain kinetic energy.
  • They will move faster and so hit the sides of the container more often and with a greater velocity and so greater force.
  • So the pressure increases.
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2
Q

A temperature - time graph is shown below. What is happening at point D on the graph?

A
  • The material is changing state
  • From a liquid to a gas.
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3
Q

These two block of wood have identical mass. Explain which exerts the greatest pressure.

A
  • Both blocks have the same mass, so as W=mg will exert the same force down on the surface.
  • Block B is sitting so that a small area sits on the surface, so as P = F/A it will exert a larger pressure.
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4
Q

A temperature - time graph is shown below. What is happening at point E on the graph?

A

The temperature of the gas is increasing.

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5
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The number of Joules of energy needed to raise 1kg of a substance by 1OC.

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6
Q

Using Kinetic Theory explain what happens to the pressure if you decrease the volume of a fixed mass gas at a constant temperature?

A
  • Pressure is caused by the force of particles hitting the sides of the container.
  • The volume is decreased. The particles have less room to move about and so hit the sides of the container more often creating a larger force.
  • So the pressure increases.
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7
Q

What is latent heat of fusion?

A

The number of Joules of energy required to change 1kg of a solid to 1kg of a liquid with no temperature change.

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8
Q

Describe an experiment to investigate the relationship between the the pressure and the volume of a fixed mass of gas, at a constant temperature.

A

Boyles Law:

  • Pump is used to put pressure on oil which puts pressure on a fixed mass of trapped gas.
  • Valve is closed.
  • Volume of air column is read off the scale.
  • Pressure is read off the bourdon gauge.
  • Valve is opened and closed to change the pressure to get a set of readings.
  • Draw graph of pressure against volume.
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9
Q

How can you convert between OC (degrees Celsius) and K (Kelvin)?

A

Temperature in degrees Celsius + 273

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10
Q

What is conservation of energy?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be transferred from one type to another.

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11
Q

A temperature - time graph is shown below. What is happening at point A on the graph?

A

The temperature of the solid material is rising.

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12
Q

The graph below shows a temperature - time graph. Points B and D show changes in state. Explain why this can be identified from the graph.

A

When a substance changes state the temperature remains constant. (Shown by horizontal line on graph)

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13
Q

Explain how snow shoes prevent you sinking into the snow.

A

Snow shoes have a large area. So the force of the person (weight) is spread over a larger area so the pressure exterted on the snow is less as P = F/A

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14
Q

What is meant by pressure?

A

The force per unit area

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15
Q

A temperature - time graph is shown below. What is happening at point C on the graph?

A

The temperature of the liquid is increasing.

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16
Q

What temperature does absolute zero occur at?

A

0 K or -273 OC.

17
Q

A temperature - time graph is shown below. What is happening at point B on the graph?

A
  • The material is changing state.
  • From solid to liquid
18
Q

Describe an experiment to investigate the relationship between the temperature and the pressure of a fixed mass of gas, with a fixed volume.

A
  • Place the flask in a beaker of water.
  • Heat the water.
  • As the water heats up take a set of readings.
  • The temperature of the water from the thermometer
  • The pressure of the gas from the bourdon gauge
  • Draw graph of pressure against temperature
19
Q

What causes pressure of a gas in a container?

A

Gas particles hitting the sides of a container

20
Q

What is latent heat of vaporisation?

A

The number of Joules of energy required to change 1kg of a liquid to 1kg of a gas with no temperature change.

21
Q

What is meant by absolute zero?

A
  • When gas particles have no energy and cannot move or collide with the sides of the container.
  • They have no more kinetic energy to remove.
  • Temperature cannot go below this.
22
Q

Using Kinetic Theory explain what happens to the volume if you increase the temperature of a fixed mass gas at a fixed pressure?

A
  • Pressure is caused by the force of particles hitting the sides of the container.
  • The temperature is increased. The particles gain kinetic energy.
  • They will move faster and so hit the sides of the container more often and with a greater velocity and so greater force.
  • So the pressure increases.
  • This puts pressure on a rubber bung/bead of mercury etc. and it moves. It will move until the pressure inside the container = pressure outside the container.
  • So the volume will increase.
23
Q

What is the energy change in a buzzer?

A

Electrical to sound

24
Q

What is meant by heat?

A

It is the energy of the substance.

25
Q

Suggest a way that we say ‘energy is lost’ (not converted to the type of energy we want)?

A
  • Heat lost to the surroundings due to friction
  • Sound energy lost to air because of vibrations
  • Energy lost as heat to the surroundings
  • Heat lost in heating up a container instead of the substance in it
26
Q

Explain why being stood on by a stilletto heel is painful.

A

Stileto heels have very small areas. So the force of the person (weight) is spread over a very small area so the pressure exterted is high as P = F/A

27
Q

What is meant by temperature?

A

It is a measure of the mean kinetic energy of the particles.

28
Q

Describe an experiment to investigate the relationship bewteen the volume and the temperature of a fixed mass of gas at a fixed pressure.

A
  • A fixed mass of gas is trapped by a bead of mercury
  • Place the capilary tube, thermometer and ruler/scale into the beaker of water.
  • Heat the water.
  • At different temperatures - measure the temperature of the gas from the thermometer and the volume from the ruler/scale.
  • The pressure is kept constant as the bead of mercury is free to move so that the pressure reamins constant.
  • Plot a graph of volume against temperature.
29
Q

Two 1kg blocks of metal are heated up. Block A and Block B. Each block is made from a different material. They are both supplied with 10000J on energy. Block B has the biggest temperature change.

What can you say about Block B compared to Block A?

A

Block B has a lower specific heat capacity.

SQA National 5 Physics (8 decks)

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