Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 102 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of animal tissues?

A

Epithelial
Nervous
Muscle
Connective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

sheets of closely packed cells that covers the outside of the body and lines organs and cavities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

functions in the receipt, processing, and transmission of info.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

consist of filaments containing proteins that enable muscle to contract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Connective Tissue

A

consists of cells scattered through extracellular matrix often forming web of fibers embedded in foundation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Open Circulatory System: Hemolymph?

A

the circulatory fluid/interstitial fluid that bathes body cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does an open circulatory system work?

A

Contraction of heart pumps hemolymph - circulatory vessels - interconnected sinuses - chemical exchange occurs - relaxation of heart draws hemolymph back in - body squeezes sinuses - circulating hemolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What animals contain and open circulatory system?

A

Anthropods such as grasshoppers and clams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Closed Circulatory System: blood?

A

a circulatory fluid that is confined to vessels and distinct from interstitial fluid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does a closed circulatory system work?

A

one or more hearts pump blood - large vessels - branch into smaller vessels - infiltrate tissues and organs - chemical exchange occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What animals contain a closed circulatory system?

A

annelids-earthworms
many mollusks
all vertebrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A random thermal motion where an organism gains O2 and nutrients while shedding CO2 and other waste products that can result in a net movement.

A

Diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

When blood circulates to and from the heart through an extensive network of vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Function of Arteries

A

Carry blood from the heart to organs throughout the body

All about PRESSURE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of Veins

A

All about VOLUME

The vessels that carry blood back to heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Function of Atria

A

The chambers that receive blood entering the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Function of Ventricles

A

The chambers responsible for pumping blood out of heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Single Circulation: fish systems

A

gill and body capillaries
1 atrium
1 ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Double Circulation: amphibian systems

A

lung/skin and systemic capillaries
2 atrium
1 ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Double Circulation: mammal systems

A

lung and systemic capillaries
2 atrium
2 ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What helps blood flow in veins?

A

by the rhythmic movement of smooth muscle in the vessel wall and by the action of the skeletal muscle as the body moves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The lymphatic system plays a role in maintaining fluid balance within the body by…

A

removing all fluids that leak out of our blood vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In order for respiration, every cell needs to take in ___ and expel ___.

A

O2

CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Negative pressure breathing in birds

A

breathes in to posterior air sacs
breathes out to lungs
breathes in to anterior air sac
breathes out air

26
Q

negative pressure breathing in humans

A

air inhaled
ribs and lungs expand and diaphragm is pushed down
air exhaled
ribs and lungs get smaller and diaphragm relaxes

27
Q

Alveoli

A

Gas exchange in mammals occur where air sacs clustered at tips of tiniest bronchioles.

28
Q

Where gas exchange occurs across the skin or outer integument of an organism rather than gills or lungs

A

Cutaneous Respiration

29
Q

What is used to increase the surface area in fish?

A

Gill lamellae

30
Q

What is the way that a fish’s gills absorb the maximum amount of oxygen from the water?

A

Countercurrent Flow

31
Q

Air sacs function

A

increase respiratory efficiency by providing a large surface area for gas exchange.

32
Q

Goal of homeostasis in respiratory system

A

Maintaining pH and regulating gas exchange

33
Q

How does the respiratory system achieve homeostasis?

A

gas exchange in the lungs

34
Q

Ratios of O2 and CO2 in inhaled and exhaled air

A

inhaled: O2- 21% CO2- .04
exhaled: O2- 16.3% CO2- 4.4%

35
Q

ph, hemoglobin, and oxygen dissociation

A

As blood plasma pH decreases (= becomes more acidic), H+ ions increasingly bind to hemoglobin amino acids, which lessens hemoglobin’s affinity for O2

36
Q

What’s an erythrocyte?

A

A type of blood cell that is made in the bone marrow and found in the blood.

37
Q

Does the blood communicate with the respiratory system? If so, how? what does it do?

A

Yes

They work together to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the body

38
Q

Blue and red blood in the heart

A

blue is oxygen-poor blood

red is oxygenated blood

39
Q

What is the purpose of eating?

A

it provides the energy to run body functions and the building blocks to grow and repair body tissue.

40
Q

Amino acid and its role

A

function as the building blocks of proteins

41
Q

Fatty acid and its role

A

the building blocks of the fat in our bodies and in the food we eat

42
Q

Vitamins and its role

A

They help shore up bones, heal wounds, and bolster your immune system.

43
Q

Minerals and its role

A

keeping your bones, muscles, heart, and brain working properly.

44
Q

Process of Digestion

A

intake
mechanical and chemical degradation of food
absorption of nutrients
removal of indigestible food.

45
Q

Process of Indigestion

A

when stomach acid comes into contact with the lining of the digestive tract.

46
Q

The process of taking nutrients from the digestive system into the blood so they can be used in the body.

A

absorption

47
Q

The act of discharging or excreting waste products or foreign substances from the body

A

elimination

48
Q

Difference between intracellular and extracellular digestion

A

Intra occurs inside the food vacuoles within the cell

Extra occurs outside the cell in the lumen of the alimentary canal or on the decaying organic materials.

49
Q

A muscular hollow continuous tubular organ that starts at the mouth and terminates at the anus and is responsible for the digestion and absorption of the ingested food and liquids.

A

Alimentary Canal

50
Q

An enzyme in the saliva and pancreatic juice that catalyzes the hydrolysis (breaking down) of starch, glycogen and related polysaccharides into more simple and readily usable forms of sugar

A

Amylase

51
Q

Food that has been chewed and mixed in the mouth with saliva

A

bolus

52
Q

Role of gastric juice (chyme)

A

inactivate swallowed microorganisms, thereby inhibiting infectious agents from reaching the intestine.

53
Q

An enzyme made in the stomach that breaks down proteins in food during digestion.

A

pepsin

54
Q

The first part of the small intestine that connects to stomach to help further digest food.

A

duodenum

55
Q

Role of appendix

A

the function is unknown but a theory is that the appendix acts as storehouse for good bacteria.

56
Q

role of cecum

A

to absorb fluids and salts that remain after completion of intestinal digestion and absorption and to mix its contents with a lubricating substance, mucus.

57
Q

role of colon

A

to dehydrate what’s left of the food and form it into stool.

58
Q

role of gallbladder

A

main function is to store bile

59
Q

role of liver

A

filters all of the blood in the body and breaks down poisonous substances, such as alcohol and drugs.

60
Q

role of small intestine

A

It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach.

61
Q

role of large intestine

A

finish absorption of nutrients and water, synthesize certain vitamins, form feces, and eliminate feces from the body

Biology 102 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions